ANE TODAY VOL VIII n08 (2020)

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Ìý³§±ᴡ¸鷡

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Not a Friend of 17³ԹÏyet? Sign up here to receive ANE Today in your inbox weekly!

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August 2020

Vol. 8, No. 8
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By Virginia R. Herrmann and Giuliana Paradiso

Many societies express power by building monuments to commemorate people or events. Tearing down monuments are also expressions of power, but of a different sort. [/vc_column_text][mk_divider thickness=”1″ margin_top=”10″][vc_column_text]

By Hossein Vahedi

The Sefidkuh region of southern Baluchistan is a huge and nearly impassable mountain range. A new project has explored both archaeological sites and modern villages. [/vc_column_text][mk_divider thickness=”1″ margin_top=”10″][vc_column_text]

By Tiffany Earley-Spadoni

In the ancient world, people were able to communicate messages at the speed of light. That light was provided by fire signals, part of sophisticated communications networks created by states and empires. [/vc_column_text][mk_divider thickness=”1″ margin_top=”10″][vc_column_text]

By Theo van den Hout

The history of ancient Near Eastern Studies in the United States is closely tied to the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago. A new book tells the story of this unique institution. [/vc_column_text][mk_divider thickness=”1″ margin_top=”10″][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Dever Fellowship Report: Lisa Cleath

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Ìý³§±ᴡ¸鷡

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NEWS@17³ԹÏE-NEWSLETTER

ANCIENT NEAR EAST TODAY E-NEWSLETTER

PAST 17³ԹÏNEWS, MONTH BY MONTH

17³ԹÏANNUAL MEETING

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HOW TO UNEARTH A POT (AKA HOW TO WORK ON A TEAM)

Lisa J. Cleath, 2019 William G. Dever Fellowship Recipient[/vc_column_text][mk_divider][vc_wp_text]Coming into the , I knew two things for certain: first, real archaeology is nothing like it appears to be in the Indiana Jones films, and second, I am not an archaeologist. Nevertheless, I knew I could learn a tremendous amount about archaeology in four weeks digging at Tel Azekah and four weeks at the Albright Institute, and my summer did not disappoint.

All in all, I gained a great respect for the archaeologists I encountered, as I learned about the methods that they meticulously employ in the field and in their research. It was a particular privilege to work alongside them in the field at Azekah, where I could gain firsthand instruction from the experienced and generous area supervisors. Under the friendly shade nets, we labored together in the dirt so that I could learn when to use the masterinas,* when we needed to sift the buckets of dirt to look for tiny finds, and when to signal changes in dirt color to the supervisors.

I had entered a new world that has its own language – a place where “sectioning,” “registration,” “locus,” and “feature” have very specific meanings (Curious about these words? Come dig for yourself!). As a text and language scholar, I was especially struck by how collaborative the work in the field needed to be; while I do my research sitting alone at my computer, archaeological field research needs to be conducted in a team with a clear line of command so that decisions to document finds and context are made consistently and carefully. This meant constant communication between team members (like me) in the squares yelling up to the supervisors for clarification, and then working in tandem with other team members to execute their directions.

Since I often teach about biblical history in my courses, I was most excited to excavate a destruction layer from Sennacherib’s 701 campaign in Judah.** Within the first few days, we came upon a plaster floor onto which a bunch of pottery had been crushed during the 701 destruction of Azekah. The discovery of this pottery assemblage offered the opportunity for me to be trained in the techniques archaeologists currently use to document, unearth, and test (relatively) whole vessels. As the area supervisor explained to me, the science that archaeologists use is constantly changing as they gain more advanced techniques to understand their finds. I came to understand that even within this single excavation, different archaeologists would have different takes on how specifically to document and preserve a vessel – so that at any given time, I needed to be in communication with the team members about the expectations of the moment.

In general, I learned to take soil samples outside, inside, and under each vessel, and to set aside the fragment with the vessel’s base. Each of these samples would later go to a lab for residue analysis, to determine what was inside the vessel. Opinions differed regarding whether or not one should touch the samples with gloves, since contact with work gloves would mean possible contamination from anything like sunscreen that had been on the handler’s skin. The soil samples could be placed in paper bags, while the most cautious approach to the vessel sample would place it inside aluminum foil to protect it from contamination. Any plastics might contaminate a sample, so it was preferable to prevent contact with plastic buckets if residue analysis was desired. Only after a top plan was made and soil samples were taken could vessels in the assemblage be removed. And of course, everything was registered so that the documentation could be clear. In they went to the colorful buckets to be sorted and analyzed by the experts in the lab!

Joining a dig felt like being welcomed into a family. I can’t express enough how lucky I feel to have received this fellowship, and can’t wait to use my newfound knowledge in my teaching and research.

*³¾²¹²õ³ٱð°ù¾±²Բ¹Ìýwas a daily part of the dig language at Azekah’s N1 area; we were told that it comes from the Arabic word for “trowel.”

**See 2 Kings 18-19 to see how this event interfaces with the biblical narrative.

Lisa J. Cleath is Assistant Professor of Biblical Studies at George Fox University in Newberg, OR. Her research focuses on Second Temple Judaism, including postcolonial readings of Jewish diaspora communities, epigraphic studies of the Aramaic documents from Elephantine Island, and ideologies of authoritative text in biblical narratives.

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FOA Webinar: Eric Cline on Aug. 9

FRIENDS OF 17³ԹÏWEBINARS


Register and receive 25% off the purchase of this book!

Ìýis excited to launch our new webinar series onÌýAugust 9 at 8pm EDT, featuring Dr. Eric H. Cline. An internationally renowned archaeologist with more than thirty seasons of excavation experience, Prof. Cline has conducted fieldwork from Greece and Crete to Egypt, Israel, and Jordan. Drawing on his upcoming book,ÌýDigging Deeper, Cline answers questions archaeologists are most frequently asked:

How do you know where to dig?
How are excavations actually done?
How do you know how old something is?
Who gets to keep what is found?
How do you know what people from the past ate, wore, and looked like?

This lecture will be filled with insights and practical advice about how archaeology really works. The webinar will conclude with a live Q&A session with Prof. Cline.

Dr. Eric H. Cline is Professor of Classics and Anthropology, Director of the Capitol Archaeological Institute, and former Chair of the Department of Classical and Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at The George Washington University, in Washington DC. A National Geographic Explorer, Fulbright scholar, and NEH Public Scholar with degrees from Dartmouth, Yale, and the University of Pennsylvania, he is an active field archaeologist with more than 30 seasons of excavation and survey experience, including ten seasons at the site of Megiddo (biblical Armageddon) in Israel and eight seasons at Tel Kabri, also in Israel, where he is currently Co-Director. Winner of the 2014 “Nancy Lapp Award for Best Popular Book” from the 17³ԹÏfor his book “1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed,” which was also considered for a Pulitzer Prize, and winner of the same award again in 2018 for his book “Three Stones Make a Wall: The Story of Archaeology,” he is also a three-time winner of the Biblical Archaeology Society’s “Best Popular Book on Archaeology” Award (2001, 2009, and 2011). A popular lecturer who has appeared frequently on television documentaries, he has also won national and local awards for both his research and his teaching. He is the author or editor of 20 books, which have been translated into sixteen languages, as well as nearly 100 articles, and several recorded lecture courses. His previous books written specifically for the general public include “The Battles of Armageddon: Megiddo and the Jezreel Valley from the Bronze Age to the Nuclear Age” (2000); “Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel” (2004); “From Eden to Exile: Unraveling Mysteries of the Bible” (2007); “Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction” (2009); “The Trojan War: A Very Short Introduction” (2013); “1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed” (2014); “Three Stones Make a Wall: The Story of Archaeology (2017); and, most recently, “Digging Up Armageddon: The Search for the Lost City of Solomon” (2020).

Every registration for this webinar includes a coupon code for a 25% discount off and free shipping for Dr. Cline’s new book from PrincetonÌýUniversity Press,Ìý(retail price: $12.95)!

Every registrant for this webinar also has exclusive access to a subscription discount fromÌý: 1 Year of All Access toÌýÌý(library, digital, and print) for only 99 cents/month! You will be emailed the link to the offer after you register and pay.

Ìý

17³ԹÏSustaining Members: $0 | 17³ԹÏMembers: $5 | Public: $10

To receive your 17³ԹÏmember discount,Ìý. If you are new to ASOR, please click on the “” link. Please e-mailÌýmembership@asor.orgÌýwith any questions or issues with registering.

You will be e-mailed the Zoom Webinar link prior to the lecture on August 9, 2020.

All proceeds from this lecture are used to fund scholarships for members impacted by COVID-19 as well as increasing ASOR’s virtual resources, which are free to the public.

Interested in sponsoring these webinars? Several levels of support from $50-$1,000 are available. Please emailÌýmembership@asor.orgÌýwith questions or sign up for a sponsorship while registering for this event.

Ready to explore more about 17³ԹÏMembership?ÌýClick here for more detailsÌýabout discounts for events and other benefits of membership! Memberships start at $40 for the year as anÌýAssociate Member.

Not ready to join yet? Become aÌýFriend of 17³ԹÏfor FREE!

Click here for more details about our online resources.

PAST WEBINARS

You can now purchase the link to the recording of any webinar. You can also purchase the bundle packages of all webinars from theÌý2020-2022 seasons. Please e-mailÌýmembership@asor.orgÌýfor purchase details.

To see a printable pdf of the webinar titles from the 2020-2021 season, pleaseÌýclick here. To see a printable pdf of the webinar titles from the 2021-2022 season, pleaseÌýclick here.

Pricing:

Members: $6.00 per recording
Non-Members: $12.00 per recording
Bundle of 2020-2021 Webinars: $75.00
Bundle of 2021-2022 Webinars: $75.00
Bundle of 2020-2022 Webinars: $125.00

2021-2022 Season

A World at War: Protecting Cultural Heritage in Times of Conflict
Patty Gerstenblith (DePaul University), Lisa Ackerman (Columbus Citizens Foundation), Andrew Cohen (Government Professional and Cultural Heritage Expert) | May 12, 2022

Preserving Cultural Heritage in Hisban and Umm al-Jimal, Jordan
Øystein LaBianca (Andrews University), Elizabeth Osinga (Umm al-Jimal Archaeological Project), Darrell Rohl (Calvin University) | April 24, 2022

Back to the Field: Recent Discoveries & Summer Plans 2022
Lorenzo d’Alfonso (ISAW), Kathryn Grossman (NC State University), James R. Strange (Samford University) | April 3, 2022

Uncovering What is Nubian Beneath the Veneer of Egyptianness: Excavating the Archives
Debora Heard (University of Chicago) | March 20, 2022

Where Are They Now?: A Preview of 2022 ASOR-Affiliated Fieldwork Projects
Michael Given (University of Glasgow), Xenia-Paula Kyriakou (Florida Gulf Coast University), Stephen Batiuk (University of Toronto), Monique Roddy (Walla Walla University), Kent Bramlett (La Sierra University), Friedbert Ninow (La Sierra University), and Michael Hoff (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) | March 8, 2022

Excavations at Tel Gezer: A Personal Story
Sam Wolff (Tel Gezer Laboratory) | February 20, 2022

Tel Rehov: A Major Bronze and Iron Age City in the Jordan Valley
Amihai Mazar (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Nava Panitz-Cohen ( Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Nota Kourou (Athens University), Naama Yahalom-Mack (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Robert Mullins (Azusa Pacific University) | February 10, 2022

The Not-So-Innocents Abroad: The Beginnings of American Biblical Archaeology
Rachel Hallote (Samford University) | January 20, 2022

Synagogues as Jesus Knew Them
James R. Strange (Samford University) | December 2, 2021

Under Jerusalem: The Buried History of the World’s Most Contested City
Andrew Lawler | November 4, 2021

Jesus and Jerusalem on TV: How Do Bible Documentaries Get Made?
Robert Cargill (University of Iowa) | October 17, 2021

Digging the Divine?: Judahite Pillar Figurines and the Archaeology of Israelite Religion
Erin Darby (University of Tennessee) | October 7, 2021

David, Solomon, and Rehoboam’s Kingdom—The Archaeological Evidence
Yosef Garfinkel (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) | September 19, 2021

From Standing Stones to Sacred Emptiness: Textual and Visual Portrayals of Israel’s God
Theodore Lewis (Johns Hopkins University) | August 29, 2021

2020-2021 Season

Making May Matter: Webinarathon to Endow Diversity
Multiple Speakers | May 21-23, 2021

Archaeogaming: Why Video Games Deserve Their Own Archaeology
Tine Rassalle (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Shannon Martino (Morton College), Matthew Winter (University of Arizona), Michael Zimmerman (Rhode Island) | April 18, 2021

How the Bible Became a Book
William Schniedewind (UCLA) | March 21, 2021

The Mysteries of Mithras in Caesarea: Exploring the Cult’s Rites and Remains
Jane DeRose Evans (Temple University), Alexandra Ratzlaff (Brandeis University) | March 11, 2021

Archaeology and the Hidden Religious Culture of Israelite Women
Carol Meyers (Duke University) | February 21, 2021

Meet the Directors—Fundraiser to Support ASOR’s Affiliated Overseas Research Centers
Matthew J. Adams (AIAR), Pearce Paul Creasman (ACOR), Lindy Crewe (CAARI) | February 11, 2021

Early Synagogues, Jesus, and Galilee—A Jewish Perspective
Eric Meyers (Duke University) | December 13, 2020

Home Sweet Home: Ancient Israelite Households in Context
Cynthia Shafer-Elliott (William Jessup University) | October 18, 2020

Priestesses in the Days of Solomon and Ahab
Susan Ackerman (Dartmouth College) | September 13, 2020

Digging Deeper: How Archaeology Works
Eric H. Cline (The George Washington University) | August 9, 2020

Eid Greetings From ASOR

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Ìý³§±ᴡ¸鷡

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Eid Mubarak!

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Letter to Registrants for 2020 Annual Meeting

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Ìý³§±ᴡ¸鷡

[/vc_column_text][mk_image src=”http://www.asortest.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/social-fb-icon4.jpg” image_width=”42″ image_height=”42″ hover=”false” custom_url=”https://www.facebook.com/ASOResearch/” margin_bottom=”0″][mk_image src=”http://www.asortest.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/social-tw-icon4.jpg” image_width=”42″ image_height=”42″ hover=”false” custom_url=”https://twitter.com/ASOResearch?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor” margin_bottom=”0″][mk_image src=”http://www.asortest.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/social-in-icon4.jpg” image_width=”42″ image_height=”42″ hover=”false” custom_url=”https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-schools-of-oriental-research” margin_bottom=”0″][mk_image src=”http://www.asortest.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/social-ml-icon_7.jpg” image_width=”42″ image_height=”42″ hover=”false” custom_url=”mailto:info@asor.org” margin_bottom=”0″][mk_image src=”http://www.asortest.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/blog-icon3.jpg” image_width=”42″ image_height=”42″ hover=”false” custom_url=”http://asor.org/blog” margin_bottom=”0″][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496683923840{margin-right: 20px !important;border-left-width: 2px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;border-left-color: #99422f !important;}”][mk_divider divider_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.01)” thickness=”1″ margin_top=”3″ margin_bottom=”3″][vc_column_text]

NEWS@17³ԹÏE-NEWSLETTER

ANCIENT NEAR EAST TODAY E-NEWSLETTER

PAST 17³ԹÏNEWS, MONTH BY MONTH

17³ԹÏANNUAL MEETING

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LETTER TO REGISTRANTS FOR THE 2020 BOSTON MEETING—NOW VIRTUAL

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Copy of e-mail sent to Annual Meeting registrants on July 23, 2020

Dear 17³ԹÏFriends and Colleagues,

As you have undoubtedly read in various 17³ԹÏoutlets, the COVID-19 pandemic forced 17³ԹÏto move to a virtual meeting out of concern for the safety and well-being of our members and staff.

We (and all of the 17³ԹÏstaff) will miss seeing you in Boston. The Annual Meeting has been the highlight of our year because it is the time when we get to connect in person with the larger 17³ԹÏfamily. We know that the same is true for our members—even as we all realize that the pandemic left us with no other choice.

While we will miss seeing everyone, 17³ԹÏis embracing the opportunity to develop a that can deliver the robust content of our 2020 academic program in a manner that will serve our community most effectively. We have even had a few members register for the Virtual Meeting who would not have been able to attend in person!

The will include both prerecorded presentations and synchronous discussion of research. We are in the process of consulting with the 17³ԹÏProgram Committee and Session/Workshop Chairs about the requirements for our academic program. The schedule and format of the virtual meeting will be announced (in early August) after we finalize the selection of a third-party virtual partner in light of this consultation. All of this takes some time, and we appreciate your patience as we rework the meeting into a successful virtual experience.

In the meantime, we also want to review some logistics…

  1. Hotel Reservations: If you made a reservation at the Westin Boston Waterfront, your room should have been cancelled automatically. You should have received an e-mail with that cancellation. If you did not receive an e-mail (please check junk mail), we encourage you to review your Bonvoy (Marriott) online account or to contact the hotel (800-937-8461) to confirm that your room has been cancelled.
  2. Conference Registrations: Even though we anticipate greater costs to produce the virtual meeting than an in-person meeting, 17³ԹÏhas made a commitment to make the Virtual Meeting accessible to the entire 17³ԹÏfamily.
    • Scholarships: 17³ԹÏwill meet 100% of scholarship requests for registrations for anyone that has been negatively impacted (directly or indirectly) by COVID-19. In addition, if someone is not currently a member, we will provide membership scholarships on a first-come, first-served basis. To apply, simply e-mail asor2020@asor.orgÌýwith a brief request.
    • Transfer your registration—choose one of the following two options:
      • Do nothing and your registration will be transferred: Your previously paid fee will beÌý applied to the virtual meeting registration. The difference (if any) between the two rates will help 17³ԹÏcover our increased costs of the virtual conference and for scholarships. for Virtual Meeting Registration rates.
      • Request a creditÌýto your 17³ԹÏaccount for any overage: E-mailÌýasor2020@asor.orgÌýby August 25, 2020.
        • Credits can be used for any future 17³ԹÏpurchase
        • Alternatively, you can request a refund check for the difference
    • Cancellation / Refund: If you do not wish to participate in the Virtual Annual Meeting, we ask that you cancel by choosing one of these three options. Please send your request to asor2020@asor.orgÌýby August 25, 2020.
      • You may request a refund check (the usual administrative fees are waived)
      • You may request a credit to your 17³ԹÏaccount (future memberships, meetings, etc.)
      • You may designate the registration fee as a donation towards scholarships

Last, but certainly not least, we hope that you and all of the 17³ԹÏcommunity are safe and managing these unprecedented circumstances in good health. All of us at 17³ԹÏlook forward to seeing you online in November!

Warm regards,

Andy Vaughn, 17³ԹÏExecutive Director (executive-director@asor.org)
ArleneÌýPress, 17³ԹÏDirector of Meetings & Events (meetings@asor.org)[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684098866{margin-right: 5px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_wp_posts title=”BROWSE THE NEWS ARCHIVE” number=”4″][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684008271{margin-right: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_column_text] [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Letter to the ANE Today Editor

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Ìý³§±ᴡ¸鷡

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WELCOME TO THE 17³ԹÏBLOG

17³ԹÏis the preeminent society for individuals interested in the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean and the Biblical Lands. This blog is intended to facilitate ASOR’s missionÌý“to initiate, encourage and support research into, and public understanding of, the cultures and history of the Near East from the earliest times.”[/vc_column_text][mk_divider thickness=”1″ margin_top=”10″][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]

Letter to the Editor of ANE Today

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Recent events in the United States and around the world have refocused my attention to issues of Race, and how we deal, or do not deal, with them in the disciplines of Archaeology and Hebrew Bible studies, my fields of training and vocation. In some ways my thoughts have no place in the reimagining of antiquity and early people groups, since Race is a relatively modern human concept that has no basis in biology.ÌýOnce we divorce concepts of Race from any footingin natural science and instead see them as social constructs, with roots back to 17th-18thÌýcentury CE Europe that had profound influence on early American thinking and actions, then it is also impossible to read, see, or reconstruct Race in the ancient world. I am not suggesting that there were no differences in phenotypes, or outward appearances, between ancient people groups, just the way these differences are considered cannot, and should not, be essentialized through a modern, biological view of Race. Where concepts of Race exist is among modern researchers, living and working in a racialized society. We need to recognize this, and insure that the modern concepts do not cloud our thinking, writing, or teaching.Ìý We also have the moral and intellectual obligation to lift up scholarship by minoritized colleagues, and use this work in our own research and in the classroom.ÌýThis eats away at the implicit biases that white scholars, like myself, bring to our publications and teaching, and helps a younger generation understand some of the very concepts that I have already laid out.Ìý One must also be careful of the sin of omission. We know that the powerful Kushite empire had political hegemony over Egypt in its 25thÌýDynasty, ca. 760-656 BCE. From the perch of Egypt, Kushites influenced the politics and economies of biblical kingdoms in the southern Levant and vied with Assyria for political sway over the region. Kush and Kushites, usually mistranslated as Ethiopia/Ethiopian or Nubia/Nubian, are mentioned almost 80 times in the canon of the Hebrew Bible, yet the group is literally left out of a recent volume on biblical peoples.Ìý As the only Sub-Saharan culture with ties to Hebrew Bible history, Kush was centered in the region of modern day Sudan, this is an oversight that prejudices views of the past.Ìý Students thirst for this kind of knowledge, yet entrée to the world of Kush in the late Iron Age is mostly limited to specialist reports, and is rarely part of the curriculum in Hebrew Bible studies or the archaeology of the Near East. We need to embrace the fact that ancient black lives matter as well as modern.Ìý Embracing change in our classrooms and research is one way to reconceptualize and deracialize the past, in order to create a more just present and equitable future.

Sincerely,

Aaron Brody, PhD
Professor of Bible and Archaeology
Director of the Bade Museum of Biblical Archaeology
Chair of the Sacred Texts Department
Pacific School of Religion & Graduate Theological Union[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][mk_divider][vc_column_text]All content provided on this blog is for informational purposes only. 17³ԹÏmakes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on this blog or found by following any link on this blog. 17³ԹÏwill not be liable for any errors or omissions in this information. The opinions expressed by Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of 17³ԹÏor any employee thereof.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

غدامس: جوهرة في قلادة صحراوية

غدامس: جوهرة في قلادة صحراوية

بالشراكة مع زملائنا الليبيين ، وبدعم من صندوق سفراء وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية للحفاظ على التراث الثقافي ، وفرقة عمل الآثار الثقافية ، والمكتب الخارجي لسفارة الولايات المتحدة في ليبيا ، تقدم رسالة الأمل من خلال ورش عمل التوعية بالمحافظة على الموروث الثقافى الليبى للمتطوعين (الأحداث التفاعلية – ورش العمل) ومن خلال ورش العمل التراثية ليوم واحد او لعدة أيام

يتناول هذا المقال الجزء الثانى من ورشة عمل تطوعية أقيمت في غدامس في مارس 2020Ìý

طلال بريون و ويل رينولدز

بالوقوف عند سفح الجبل المقام فى أعلاه قلعة رأس الغول على قمة جبل الصحابة ، يمكننا أن نرى الحدود الليبية مع تونس والجزائر ، و أشجار نخيل بعيدة تمثل واحة غدامس. من وجهة النظر هذه ، كان من الأسهل تخيل منظر قافلة تقترب بعد أيام طويلة ومرهقة من السفر عبر الصحراء ، والراحة التي قد تأتي مع رؤية شيء أخضر.

منذ آلاف السنين ، كانت واحة غدامس جوهرة فى قلادة من عدة واحات تمتد عبر الصحراء الكبرى وتحافظ على شبكة واسعة من التجارة التى كانت مزدهرة على الرغم من العديد من التحديات. وفقًا للأستاذ سعيد حامد ، المؤرخ و واحد من مرشدينا ، فإن النتوء الذي وقفنا فيه كان بمثابة حصن عسكري روماني للفيلق الأوغسطي الثالث خلال القرنين الأول والثاني قبل الميلاد ، واستخدم لاحقًا للتحصينات التي شُيدت خلال الفتوحات الإسلامية لشمال أفريقيا وخلال العهد العثمانى. تدل النقوش الموجودة في مقبرة قريبة على استخدام الحصن كنقطة مراقبة حدودية خلال فترة الحكم العثماني وفترة الإدارة الإيطالية والفرنسية للمنطقة.

يشعر التراث المبني في ليبيا بأنه غني بطبقات وسياقات تاريخية واثرية لا نهاية لها ، في حين أن الممارسات والتقاليد المادية وغير المادية الملموسة قد ساعدت في الحفاظ على المجتمعات الإنسانية في جميع أنحاء البلاد. خلال ورشة العمل التفاعلية التطوعية التي استضافتها دار الثقافة في غدامس ، سنسعى إلى تسليط الضوء على هذا التراث الغنى، وإقامة روابط حيثما أمكن مع العمل الجاري لبرنامج الحقائب المتحفية الخاص بنا.

زيارة جبل الصحابة.

إقتراب عاصفة رملية عند مغادرتنا للقلعة .

مقبرة الصحابة قرب الحصن.

قدم السيد منصور عبد السلام منصور ، مدير متحف غدامس والمكتب المحلي لدائرة الآثار الليبية ، تعريفًا شاملاً للمتحف ومدينة غدامس القديمة ، وكذلك الصناعات التقليدية في غدامس وانتقالها بين الأجيال التي ساعدت في الحفاظ على المدينة وهويتها الفريدة.

سوليمة العامري تتحدث عن التراث الثقافي غير المادي لغدامس.

سافرت السيدة فوزية سعيد عمار ، أستاذة التاريخ القديم في جامعة سرت ، عبر نصف البلاد لتشارك معنا فى هذه الورشة الفريدة والمتميزة ، و الرغم من كونها مدينة صغيرة نسبيًا ، فقد أنتجت غدامس منذ فترة طويلة ليبيين بارزين عرفوا النجاح في جميع أنحاء البلاد وخارجها وعلى الصعيد الدولي. في الواقع ، كان المهندس البخاري سالم حودة ، الذي كان القائد العام للحركة العامة للكشافة والمرشدات لما يقرب من ثلاثة عقود ، ضيفنا الكريم خلال أجزاء مهمة من الورشة.

ولكن ما سر هذا المكان الرائع؟ يبدو أن جزءًا من الإجابة على الأقل يكمن في الطريقة التي حافظت بها على العديد من التقاليد غير المادية . قدمت القائدة سوليمة العماري مقدمة مميزة عن التراث الثقافي غير المادي للمدينة وليبيا عموماً ، مرتدية لباس الزفاف النسائى التقليدي الغدامسي ، ومشاركة القصص الشعبية والألغاز القديمة معنا وحتى مشاركة وجهة نظرها الخاصة حول الدور الحيوي للتراث الليبي غير المادي في دعم المجتمع .

مدينة غدامس القديمة التاريخية.

السيد منصور عبد السلام منصور يقدم جولة إرشادية.
المشي في شوارع المدينة القديمة.

في صباح اليوم التالي ، اجتاحت المدينة رياح عاتية محملة بالرمال الخشنة التى لفحت وجوهنا بقوة . لقد شهدنا مباشرة كيف خلقت تقاليد البناء بالطوب والطين والمواد الطبيعية المتاحة بسهولة ، كيف خلقت بيئة مريحة للحياة بشكل ملحوظ ، وعندما دخلنا عبر باب البر ، أحد أبواب مدينة غدامس القديمة ، لاحظنا جميعًا أن الرياح اختفت تمامًا. تم بناء المدينة بتصميم يتماشى و ينسجم مع المناخ القاسي في المنطقة. خلال فصل الشتاء البارد ، ظلت المنازل في المدينة القديمة دافئة نسبيًا وفي الصيف كانت المدينة باردة. الرياح الجنوبية الحارة المليئة بالرمال والتي غالبًا ما تصاحب الطقس الأكثر حرارة كانت محجوبة بواسطة جدران سميكة من الطوب اللبن لعدة قرون.

تجمع المياه العذبة.
المرطبات خلال زيارتنا للمدينة القديمة.

لسوء الحظ ، فإن الحرفيين البارعين الذين أنشأوا المدينة وقاموا بصيانتها قديماً في يوم من الأيام نجد أحفادهم اليوم يعانون الآن من نقص في الدعم . التقاليد فى حد ذاتها غير قادرة على إعالة نفسها دون أن يعمل الناس على إستقبالها واحتضانها ومن ثم تمريرها إلى الأجيال اللاحقة ، و خلال الفيضانات الغزيرة في عام 2017 ، تعرضت العديد من المنازل في المدينة القديمة لأضرار لم يتم إصلاحها بعد .

إنالسبب الرئيسي في بناء المدينة ومصدر قوتها ينبع من مادة واحدة أساسية : الماء ، شهدنا ذلك حين زرنا نبع الواحة ، كان كبيراً لدرجة أنه يبدو كبحيرة. من تلك البركة المركزية ، تم توزيع المياه العذبة عبر سلسلة من القنوات الصغيرة التى تعمل بنظام دقيق لسقاية البساتين المحيطة بأشجار النخيل ، وكذلك للمنازل والمساجد التى تملاء المدينة ، كان منطق هذا النظام مشابهًا للطريقة التي تم بها استدامة التجارة من غدامس عبر مساحات شاسعة من الصحراء: كلاهما يتطلب شبكة مستدامة خلال الجهد المستمر للمجتمع ، كما تعلمنا المزيد حول كيفية توزيع البريد على مدى آلاف الأميال ، وكيف تتدفق المياه من المصدر إلى البستان ، وكيف تميزت المنازل الفردية بالعدد والعمارة والإيقونات والمنمنات الفريدة ، وكيف تطور المخطط الحضري للمدينة القديمة وتوسع ، تم تذكيرنا بأن أيًا من هذا لم يكن ممكنًا بدون نسيج اجتماعي متماسك ودائم تعززه التقاليد غير المادية .

أثناء فعاليات الورشة ، احتفلنا بغداء تقليدي مكون من “الفتات” ، وهي وجبة “من القطع الصغيرة”. تم تقطيع الخبز المستدير الرقيق إلى قطع صغيرة ، مع بزيت الزيتون والتوابل ومغطى بمغارف مليئة بمرق لحم الضأن. أصر مضيفونا على أن نستمر في تناول المزيد.

اتفقنا جميعًا على أننا سعداء جدًا للقيام بدورنا للحفاظ على الموروث الثقافى الرائع والمميز لمدينة غدامس .

A History of ASOR: 1970’s to the Present

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Ìý³§±ᴡ¸鷡

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NEWS@17³ԹÏE-NEWSLETTER

ANCIENT NEAR EAST TODAY E-NEWSLETTER

PAST 17³ԹÏNEWS, MONTH BY MONTH

17³ԹÏANNUAL MEETING

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A History of ASOR: The 1970’s to the Present

By Meagan Shirley and Joe D. Seger[/vc_column_text][mk_divider][vc_wp_text]The last article on ASOR’s history concluded with the foundation of ACOR and the W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research. This article encompasses ASOR’s history from the 1970’s to the present.

The Jerusalem school was named the W. F. Albright Institute in 1970, but the transfer of property title from 17³ԹÏto the AIAR Board occurred only in the mid-1990’s. Between 1970 and 1990 17³ԹÏcontinued to provide support in its budget for each of the overseas centers as the Boards of the centers worked their way to independence. ASOR’s offices in the United States assumed responsibility for the entire organization’s administrative and academic activities.Ìý17³ԹÏhad central offices at Yale and elsewhere from much earlier which assumed responsibility for administration.

The Jerusalem School, now the home of AIAR, ca. 1930

Beginning in 1966, 17³ԹÏmade its home at the Harvard Semitic Museum under the leadership of President G.E. Wright. 17³ԹÏmaintained offices in Cambridge until the appointment of James A. Sauer in 1982, who worked at the University of Pennsylvania. The appointment of Sauer as 17³ԹÏPresident prompted another move to Philadelphia where 17³ԹÏtook up residence at 4243 Spruce Street. During its tenure in Philadelphia, 17³ԹÏthrived due to its close proximity to the university. In 1984 in conjunction with the University Museum, 17³ԹÏreceived an NEH Grant to fund Summer Institutes in Near Eastern Archaeology. These consisted of summer programs taught by 17³ԹÏmembers and leading scholars in the field of archaeology.

The James F. Strange Center, ASOR’s new home in Alexandria, VA.

Following a six-year tenure at Johns Hopkins University, 17³ԹÏmoved to Boston University in 1996. 656 Beacon Street in Boston remained the home of 17³ԹÏfor 20 years until Boston University decided to sell the building in which 17³ԹÏwas located. A New Office Committee was formed and headed by Board Chair Richard Coffman to decide what the best course of action should be for ASOR. It was determined that would be to, “purchase a facility to serve as ASOR’s permanent and independent home. The Board has also determined, again through extensive discussion and through site visits, that the optimal location for our new office is in the Washington, D.C., area” (Ackerman 2018).For the first time in ASOR’s history, the organization is independent of the various universities’ complimentary office space. Through the generous donations of our membership, 17³ԹÏwas able to purchase an office space outside of Washington, D.C. in Alexandria, VA. This new building was named the James F. Strange Center in honor of longtime member and trustee, Jim Strange. The Strange Center was purchased through a rigorous campaign to raise the funds to purchase the office. Through the generous donations of our membership, 17³ԹÏwas able to raise the full cost of ASOR’s new home.

Beginning with its time in Philadelphia, 17³ԹÏgreatly expanded its scope, including new Cultural Heritage Initiatives, expanding oversight of excavation practices, increasing scholarship opportunities for students to travel to the field, and focusing on the dissemination of scholarly research through the Annual Meeting. Meetings had taken place intermittently throughout the 1960s and 1970s in conjunction with other organizations, primarily the Society for Biblical Literature (SBL). 17³ԹÏcontinued meeting with SBL until 1997 when it was decided through a membership meeting the previous year in New Orleans to hold an independent meeting. The 1997 Annual Meeting in Napa Valley was successful with 350 participants (Seger 2001: 68). However, it was decided to hold future meetings in the same city and time frame as the SBL conference due to the many members that attended both. 17³ԹÏhas held its own Annual Meeting every year since. In 2020, 17³ԹÏhad to make the difficult decision to cancel its in person meeting in Boston due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This decision was deemed necessary for the safety and well-being of ASOR’s many members. As of the writing of this article, 17³ԹÏis working to host a virtual meeting through which many scholars and researchers can still present their research. 17³ԹÏlooks forward to seeing its members in-person again at the 2021 Annual Meeting in Chicago.

Sources:

Ackerman, Susan. 2018. 17³ԹÏis on the Move. Electronic Document, , accessed July 20, 2020

Meyers, Eric M. and Joe D. Seger. 2001.ÌýASOR: A History of the American Schools of Oriental Research. In An 17³ԹÏMosaic, edited by Joe D. Seger, pp. 2-103. American Schools of Oriental Research, Boston.[/vc_wp_text][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684098866{margin-right: 5px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_wp_posts title=”BROWSE THE NEWS ARCHIVE” number=”4″][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684008271{margin-right: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_column_text] [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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