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鬲丨丿賷孬 兀禺亘丕乇 賳卮丕胤丕鬲 賮乇賷賯 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 丕賱賱賷亘賶 鈥� 丿乇噩

鬲丨丿賷孬 兀禺亘丕乇 賳卮丕胤丕鬲 賮乇賷賯 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 丕賱賱賷亘賶 鈥� 丿乇噩

亘丕賱鬲毓丕賵賳 賲毓 丕賱夭賲賱丕亍 賮賷 賱賷亘丕 賵賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丿毓賲 賵夭丕乇賴 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 听鬲賲賵賷賱 丕賱爻賮賷乇 賱賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賷 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 賵 賮乇賷賯 毓賲賱 丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 賵丕賱丌孬丕乇 賵賲賰鬲亘 丕賱爻賮丕乇賴 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞 丕賱賱賷亘賷 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷
賯丕賲鬲 17吃瓜亘賳卮乇 乇爻丕賱賴 丕賲賱 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賷賵賲 鬲胤賵毓賷 賱賱鬲乇丕孬 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 賮賷 丕賱毓胤賱丞 賵匕賱賰 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賵乇卮賴 毓賲賱 賱賲丿賴 賷賵賲 賵丕丨丿.

鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 賳卮丕胤丕鬲 賵賮毓丕賱賷丕鬲 兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲賵毓賷丞 丕賱鬲乇丕孬賷丞 賱賭 丕爻賵乇丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻鬲睾乇賯 賷賵賲賸丕 賵丕丨丿賸丕 丨賯賷亘丞 兀丿賵丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲丨賮 貙 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 “賲噩賲賵毓丕鬲 兀丿賵丕鬲” 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳賴丕 賮賷 賳馗乇丞 毓丕賲丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 丕賱賱賷亘賷丞. 鬲爻鬲賲乇 卮毓亘賷丞 丕賱丨賯丕卅亘 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 丕賱賱賷亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賳賲賵 亘賮囟賱 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱卮丕賯 丕賱匕賷 賷賯賵賲 亘賴 賮乇賷賯賳丕 (丕賳馗乇 丕賱賲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賲賳 睾丿丕賲爻 賵胤乇丕亘賱爻 賵氐亘乇丕鬲丞 賵亘賳睾丕夭賶 賵卮丨丕鬲). 鬲鬲賳丕賵賱 丕賱賲賯丕賱丞 兀丿賳丕賴 鬲賯乇賷乇賸丕 毓賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賮賷 丿乇噩 貙 丨賷孬 丕賱鬲賯賶 兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱賲噩賱爻 丕賱亘賱丿賶 亘丿乇噩 賵丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賵賳 丕賱賲丨賱賷賵賳 賵亘毓囟 丕賱兀賴丕賱賶 亘兀毓囟丕亍 賮乇賷賯 賲卮乇賵毓 丨賯賷亘丞 賲鬲丨賮 丕爻賵乇 賵胤賱亘賵丕 兀賳 賷賰賵賳賵丕 噩夭亍賸丕 賲賳 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓.

丕賱鬲乇丨賷亘 亘賯丕賮賱丞 (賰丕乇賮丕賳) 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 亘丿乇噩 .

胤賱丕賱 亘乇賷賵賳 賵 賵賷賱 乇賷賳賵賱丿夭

鬲賯毓 丿乇噩 賮賷 睾乇亘 賱賷亘賷丕 亘賷賳 賳丕賱賵鬲 賵睾丿丕賲爻. 鬲賲 賵囟毓 毓賱丕賲丞 毓賱賶 丕賱禺乇賷胤丞 賮賷 丕賱賲乇亘毓 丕賱兀丨賲乇.

听

丨鬲賶 賮賷 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 丕賱兀賰孬乇 丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇賸丕 貙 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱鬲乇丨丕賱 禺賱丕賱 賮氐賱 丕賱乇亘賷毓 廿賱賶 丕賱氐丨乇丕亍 丕賱賱賷亘賷丞 禺胤賷乇丕賸 . 鬲爻亘亘 亘毓囟 丕賱乇賷丕丨 丕賱賲賵爻賲賷丞 丕賱賯丕丿賲丞 賲賳 丕賱噩賳賵亘 禺賱丕賱 卮賴乇 賲丕乇爻 貙 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賴亘 卮賲丕賱賸丕 賲賳 賯賱亘 丕賱氐丨乇丕亍 貙 賮賷 鬲丨乇賷賰 賵鬲卮賰賷賱 亘毓囟 丕賱賰孬亘丕賳 丕賱乇賲賱賷丞 亘胤乇賯 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵賯毓丞 貙 賵鬲賲鬲丿 賵鬲鬲乇丕賰賲 賮賷 賲爻丕乇丕鬲 賵兀卮賰丕賱 噩丿賷丿丞 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 爻丕毓丕鬲. 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷賰鬲卮賮 丕賱爻丕卅賯 賮賷 兀爻賵兀 丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲 兀賳 丕賱胤乇賷賯 兀賲丕賲賴 賲睾賱賯丞 亘丕賱乇賲丕賱. 賵亘丨賱賵賱 丕賱賵賯鬲 丕賱匕賷 賯胤毓鬲 賮賷賴 賰丕乇賮丕賳 爻賷丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賮乇賷賯 丕賱胤乇賷賯 丕賱賲賰爻賵乇丞 賵丕賱賲鬲囟乇乇丞 貙 賵噩丿賵丕 兀賳 賰孬賷亘賸丕 乇賲賱賷丕賸 丌禺乇 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵賯毓 兀睾賱賯 丕賱胤乇賷賯 兀賷囟賸丕 貙 丨鬲賶 賵噩丿賵丕 胤乇賷賯丞 亘丿賷賱丞 丨賵賱 丕賱賰孬亘丕賳 兀賵 賲賳 禺賱丕賱賴丕. 賮賷 馗賱 賴匕賴 丕賱馗乇賵賮 貙 賰丕賳 丕賱鬲禺胤賷胤 丕賱丿賯賷賯 賵丕賱氐亘乇 囟乇賵乇賷賷賳 丿丕卅賲賸丕.

賵亘丕賱賳馗乇 廿賱賶 丕賱禺賱賱 丕賱丨丕賱賷 丕賱胤丕乇賶亍 賮賷 丕賱禺丿賲丕鬲 丕賱毓丕賲丞 丕賱賱賷亘賷丞 貙 賮賯丿 兀氐亘丨鬲 丕賱胤乇賯 兀爻賵兀 賲賳 匕賶 賯亘賱 賲毓 鬲賵賯賮 噩賲賷毓 兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱氐賷丕賳丞. 丕賱胤乇賷賯 丕賱匕賶 賰丕賳 賷爻鬲睾乇賯 毓丕丿丞賸 賳氐賮 爻丕毓丞 貙 兀氐亘丨 丕賱兀賳 賷爻鬲睾乇賯 爻丕毓丞 賵賳氐賮. 毓賳丿賲丕 賰丕賳 賮乇賷賯 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 賷鬲賴賷兀 賱賱廿爻鬲毓丿丕丿 賱賱爻賮乇 廿賱賶 賲賵賯毓 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷 賱賱賷賵賳爻賰賵 賵丕丨丞 睾丿丕賲爻 賱廿丨賷丕亍 丨丿孬 丌禺乇 賮賷 爻賱爻賱丞 兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲賵毓賷丞 亘丕賱鬲乇丕孬 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 賮賶 賱賷亘賷丕 囟賲賳 亘乇賳丕賲噩 廿賷爻賵乇 賵賴賶 賵乇卮丞 毓賲賱 睾丿丕賲爻 貙 賰賳丕 賳毓賱賲 噩賷丿丕賸 廿賳 兀賲丕賲賳丕 乇丨賱丞 胤賵賷賱丞 賱賷爻鬲 爻賴賱丞 賲賳 賳丕賱賵鬲 丕賱賶 睾丿丕賲爻. 賮賷 丌禺乇 賱丨馗丞 貙 鬲賱賯賷賳丕 丿毓賵丞 賲賳 兀賴丕賱賶 丿乇噩 毓亘乇 賲噩賱爻賴丕 丕賱亘賱丿賶 貙 賵賴賷 亘賱丿丞 兀賵 賵丕丨丞 氐睾賷乇丞 毓賱賶 賲賮鬲乇賯 胤乇賯 亘賷賳 睾丿丕賲爻 賵丕賱氐丨乇丕亍 丕賱賵爻胤賶 兀賵 氐丨乇丕亍 鬲賰賵賷賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賲丕丿丞 賯亘賱 廿賳 鬲賳賮鬲丨 丕賱氐丨乇丕亍 兀賲丕賲 毓乇賯 兀賵亘丕乇賶 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賵乇賲賱丞 丕賱夭賱丕賮. 賱賯丿 爻賲毓 丕賱兀賴丕賱賶 賵丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷賳 賮賶 丿乇噩 毓賳 賲卮乇賵毓賳丕 賵兀乇丕丿賵丕 廿賷噩丕丿 胤乇賷賯丞 賱賰賷 賷爻鬲賮賷丿 兀賴賱 丿乇噩 賲賳 噩賴賵丿賳丕 賱丨賲丕賷丞 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 丕賱賱賷亘賷 賵丕賱丕賳囟賲丕賲 廿賱賷賳丕.

亘毓丿 賲賵丕夭賳丞 鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 丕賱賵賯鬲 賵丿賯丞 丕賱亘乇賳丕賲噩 賮賷賲丕 亘賷賳 兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱賮乇賷賯 貙 丕鬲賮賯賳丕 噩賲賷毓賸丕 毓賱賶 囟乇賵乇丞 丕賱鬲賵賯賮 賱亘毓囟 丕賱賵賯鬲 賮賶 丿乇噩 賵廿爻鬲孬賲丕乇 賴匕丕 丕賱賵賯鬲 噩賷丿丕賸 貙 賱賲 賳鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 乇賮囟 賲孬賱 賴匕賴 丕賱丿毓賵丞 毓賱賶 丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳賴丕 爻鬲丐禺乇賳丕 毓賳 賲賵丕氐賱丞 胤乇賷賯賳丕 賳丨賵 賵丕丨丞 睾丿丕賲爻.

賵氐賱賳丕 廿賱賶 丿乇噩 亘賯丕賮賱丞 賰丕乇賮丕賳 賲賳 禺賲爻 爻賷丕乇丕鬲 貙 賵丕丨鬲噩賳丕 賱囟乇賵乇丞 鬲毓亘卅丞 丕賱賵賯賵丿 . 賱爻賳賵丕鬲 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳 貙 賰丕賳 賴賳丕賰 賳賯氐 丨丕丿 賮賷 丕賱賵賯賵丿 賮賷 噩賲賷毓 兀賳丨丕亍 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱噩賳賵亘賷丞 賵丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賲賳 丕賱亘賱丕丿 貙 賵兀氐亘丨 賲賳 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 丕賱丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賮賷 丕賱胤丕亘賵乇 賱爻丕毓丕鬲 丨鬲賶 賳鬲賳賰賳 賲賳 賲賱賶亍 丕賱爻賷丕乇丕鬲 亘丕賱賵賯賵丿. 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲賳 丕賱賲爻鬲睾乇亘 兀賳 賳噩丿 兀賲丕賲賳丕 氐賮 胤賵賷賱 噩丿丕賸 賲賳 丕賱爻賷丕乇丕鬲 兀賲丕賲 賲丨胤丞 丕賱賵賯賵丿 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞 賮賷 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 貙 賱匕賱賰 賯乇乇賳丕 丕賱丕賳囟賲丕賲 廿賱賶 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱禺賱賮賷 賲賳 丕賱禺胤 賵亘丿亍 丕賱丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賯亘賱 兀賳 賳匕賴亘 廿賱賶 賲賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賲噩賱爻 丕賱亘賱丿賶 賱賱賲丿賷賳丞 賱賱賯丕亍 丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓. 亘賲噩乇丿 兀賳 爻賲毓 爻賰丕賳 丿乇噩 毓賳 賲賴賲鬲賳丕 貙 賯丕賲賵丕 亘賮鬲丨 丕賱胤乇賷賯 兀賲丕賲賳丕 廿賱賶 丕賱兀賲丕賲 賮賶 賲賯丿賲丞 丕賱氐賮 賵賯賲賳丕 亘賲賱亍 禺夭丕賳丕鬲賳丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賮賵乇.

賰丕賳鬲 賴匕賴 賲噩乇丿 亘丿丕賷丞 賮賯胤 賱賱鬲乇丨賷亘 丕賱丨丕乇 亘賳丕 貙 丕爻鬲賯亘賱賳丕 乇卅賷爻 丕賱亘賱丿賷丞 賮賷 賲賰鬲亘賴 賲毓 毓丿丿 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷賳 賵兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱賲噩賱爻 丕賱亘賱丿賶 賵賯丕丿丞 丕賱賰卮丕賮丞 賵丕賱兀賴丕賱賶 賵丕賱兀毓賷丕賳 貙 賵賯丿賲 賱賳丕 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賱亘賳 賵丕賱丨賱賷亘 賵丕賱鬲賲乇 丕賱賲賲鬲丕夭 貙 囟賷丕賮丞 丕賱賵丕丨丕鬲 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞. 賰乇賲 賵丨賮丕賵丞 丕賱廿爻鬲賯亘丕賱 兀夭丕賱鬲 毓賳丕 丕賱鬲毓亘 亘毓丿 氐亘丕丨 胤賵賷賱 賲鬲毓亘 賵卮丕賯 賮賶 丕賱胤乇賷賯. 孬賲 丿毓丕賳丕 噩賲賷毓丕賸 賱賱丕賳囟賲丕賲 廿賱賷賴 賵亘賯賷丞 丕賱丨丕囟乇賷賳 賱鬲賳丕賵賱 睾丿丕亍 賰亘賷乇 賷鬲賰賵賳 賲賳 丕賱乇夭 賵丕賱賮鬲丕鬲 (賵賴賵 禺亘夭 賲賳賯賵毓 賮賶 丕賱丨爻丕亍) 賵賱丨賲 丕賱囟兀賳 賵丕賱禺囟乇賵丕鬲 貙 賵賴賶 賵噩亘丕鬲 鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 鬲乇丨賷亘賷丞 .

亘毓丿 丕賱睾丿丕亍 貙 兀賵囟丨 賲丨賲丿 丨乇亘 貙 賯丕卅丿 賮賷 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賰卮丕賮賷丞貙 兀賳 丿乇噩 亘丨丕噩丞 賱賲爻丕毓丿鬲賳丕. 賵賵賮賯丕 賱賴 貙 賮廿賳 丕賱賲賵丕賯毓 丕賱兀孬乇賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱賱賲丿賷賳丞 貙 亘賲丕 賮賷 匕賱賰 賯氐亘丕鬲 兀賵賱丕丿 丿賷丕亘 賵睾賷乇賴丕 貙 丕賱鬲賷 賷毓賵丿 鬲丕乇賷禺賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱丨丕丿賷 毓卮乇 丕賱賲賷賱丕丿賷 貙 賵賲賷丿丕賳 鬲丕賷睾丕 貙 丕賱匕賷 賷丨賷胤 亘賴 賲亘丕賳 賲賳 丕賱胤賵亘 丕賱胤賷賳賷 丕賱賯丿賷賲 賵丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 賯賱亘 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 貙 賱丕 鬲賯賱 兀賴賲賷丞. 賲孬賱 兀賷 賲賵賯毓 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賮賷 賰賱 兀賳丨丕亍 賱賷亘賷丕 賱賰賳賴賲 賱賲 賷丨馗賵丕 兀亘丿賸丕 亘賳賮爻 丕賱賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲.

賵胤賱亘 賲爻丕毓丿鬲賳丕 賮賷 亘賳丕亍 丌賱賷丞 賷賲賰賳 亘賴丕 廿丿乇丕噩 丕賱賲賵丕賯毓 丕賱兀孬乇賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 亘丿乇噩 丕賱賶 賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 丕賱胤亘賷毓賶 賵丕賱賲丕丿賶 丕賱毓丕賱賲賶 貙 賵賰匕賱賰 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱丕賳囟賲丕賲 廿賱賶 賲卮乇賵毓 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 貙 賵賲賳 孬賲 乇亘胤 丕賱賲賵丕賯毓 听丕賱兀孬乇賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱賱賲丿賷賳丞 亘丕賱賲賵丕乇丿 賵丕賱賯賳賵丕鬲 丕賱賲丨賱賷丞 賵丕賱丿賵賱賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲爻丕毓丿 毓賱賶 丨賲丕賷丞 賵鬲賳馗賷賲 廿丿丕乇丞 賰賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賵丕賯毓. 乇兀賷賳丕 丕賱兀賲賱 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賮賷 毓賷賳賷賴 賵賰匕賱賰 噩賲賷毓 丕賱丨丕囟乇賷賳 賵賱匕賱賰 賱賲 賳鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 丕賱乇賮囟.

毓賱賶 丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳賳丕 賯賲賳丕 丕賱丌賳 亘鬲賵夭賷毓 噩賲賷毓 丨賯丕卅亘 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 (賮賴賷 賳卮胤丞 丨丕賱賷賸丕 賮賷 孬賲丕賳賷丞 毓卮乇 賲丿賷賳丞 賮賶 賱賷亘賷丕) 賵賱賲 賷賰賳 賱丿賷賳丕 丨賯賷亘丞 廿囟丕賮賷丞 賱丿乇噩 貙 賮賯丿 賯乇乇 毓囟賵 賮乇賷賯賳丕 賲賳 賲丿賷賳丞 夭賱賷鬲賳 亘賰賱 乇賵丨 毓丕賱賷丞 貙 賯乇乇 鬲賯丿賷賲 丨賯賷亘鬲賴 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 丿乇噩 賱賱賲爻丕毓丿丞 賮賷 廿胤賱丕賯 亘乇賳丕賲噩賴賲 廿卮乇丕賰賴賲 賮賶 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 . 賱丕 賷賵噩丿 賲孬丕賱 兀賯賵賶 毓賱賶 丕賱氐丿丕賯丞 賵丕賱乇賵丨 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 丕賱毓丕賱賷丞 賱賮乇賷賯賳丕. 賰賳丕 賳毓鬲夭賲 鬲賯丿賷賲 亘乇賳丕賲噩 兀胤賵賱 賮賷 丿乇噩 賮賷 胤乇賷賯 毓賵丿鬲賳丕 賲賳 睾丿丕賲爻 貙 賱賰賳 噩丕卅丨丞 丕賱賮賷乇賵爻 丕賱鬲丕噩賷 賰賵乇賵賳丕 鬲丿禺賱鬲 賵兀賵賯賮鬲 丕賱毓賲賱 . 爻賳毓賵丿 廿賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱賵丕丨丞 丕賱乇丕卅毓丞 廿匕丕 賰購鬲亘鬲 賱賳丕 丕賱丨賷丕丞 .

賲亘丕賳 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲卮賷丿丞 賲賳 丕賱胤賵亘 亘爻丕丨丞 鬲丕賷睾丕 賮賷 賯賱亘 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 丿乇噩 .

賷亘賱睾 丕乇鬲賮丕毓 賴匕丕 丕賱亘乇噩 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷 貙 丕賱匕賷 賷毓丿 噩夭亍賸丕 賲賳 賯氐亘丞 兀賵賱丕丿 丿賷丕亘 貙 12 賲鬲乇賸丕 賵賴賵 兀丨丿 兀亘乇夭 賲毓丕賱賲 丿乇噩 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞.

鬲賲 丕爻鬲賯亘丕賱 兀毓囟丕亍 賮乇賷賯 丕賱丨賯賷亘丞 丕賱賲鬲丨賮賷丞 丕爻賵乇 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷賳 丕賱賲丨賱賷賷賳 賵兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱賲丨賱賶.

Table of Contents for BASOR 383 (May 2020)

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Table of Contents for Bulletin of ASOR听383 (May 2020)

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Pp. 1鈥�18: “Settlement Processes in the Meron Ridges During the Iron Age I,” by Hayah Katz

The aim of this study is to reconstruct the settlement processes in the Meron Ridges during the Iron Age I. Although Yo岣nan Aharoni鈥檚 pioneering survey in the Upper Galilee was the foundation for later studies on this subject, only a handful of excavations were carried out in the region. In 1976, the Israel Department of Antiquities conducted a salvage excavation at Mt. Adir and revealed a fortress consisting of three main construction strata dating to the period between the late 11th and 9th centuries b.c.e. The excavation results were never published, which has enabled assumptions regarding its date and geo-political status. In the framework of this study, I publish the hitherto unpublished Mt. Adir finds. In addition, I re-examine the previously published sites at Tel Harashim, Sasa, and Horbat 士Avot. An analysis of these finds indicates that the fortress at Mt. Adir was built as a government center by a local leader who ruled over the Canaanite settlers of the Meron Ridges area during the Iron Age I period.

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 19-32: “Much Ado 17吃瓜 a Small Thing: An Iron-Age Stamp Seal from Late Roman Beth She士arim in Galilee,” by Adi Erlich

A stamp seal of the Iron Age has been found in a Late Roman level at Beth She士arim, in a room that collapsed in the beginning of the 5th century c.e. The seal is of the bifacial type, with two complex scenes of royal and divine imagery, and is dated ca. 1000 b.c.e., some 1400 years prior to the archaeological context in which it was found. Although there are Iron Age II finds at Beth She士arim, the seal seems to have found its way to a later phase not by accident, but deliberately collected and reused in the Late Roman town. The paper will explore this unique seal and the phenomenon of readopting old seals as talisman antiques during the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods in the region.

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 33-59: “On the Raw Materials in the Ceramic Workshops of Jerusalem, Before and After 70 c.e.,” by Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Danit Levi, and Ron Be示eri

A large area of pottery workshops was exposed west of the Old City of Jerusalem. This industrial area was operated by Jewish potters during the Hellenistic (Hasmonean) and Early Roman periods. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 c.e., the workshops were placed under the authority of the Xth Legion of the Roman military, who later established another workshop in close proximity to the previous ones. In this study, we examine whether and to what extent those historical and cultural changes are reflected in the production organization, manufacturing processes, and products. The research is based on new petrographic results of 129 ceramic products that were manufactured throughout the chronological sequence of this industrial area. The petrographic results indicate a significant change after 70 c.e. New pottery types (e.g., dolia, mortaria) and building materials (roof tiles, bricks, and tubuli) were produced in association with a new 鈥渞ecipe鈥� and a different geological unit. This change in recipe included the intentional addition of quartz grains to the paste, in order to significantly increase the toughness of the products. We also discuss the reason for exploiting a different geological unit. This study may help in attributing vessels and building materials from other sites in the area to these workshops and provide insights into the nature of the workshops鈥� activity.

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 61-78: “Birds in Transition: Bird Exploitation in the Southern Levant During the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age I, and Iron Age II,” by Abra Spiciarich

Birds and the exploitation of birds by humans are typically overlooked in archaeofaunal collections. While the frequency of avian remains does not rival those of domestic livestock, that does not render them insignificant in the overall animal economies of Levantine sites. Birds and humans have a long history in the southern Levant, from prehistoric food source to sacrificial offering. Avian remains have been identified, in all periods, at many sites throughout the southern Levant, allowing for an in-depth diachronic exploration to be conducted. This paper tracks the presence and frequency of major avian species鈥攕pecifically geese, ducks, partridges, pigeons, and doves鈥攊n light of changes that occurred in climate, environment, agriculture, trade, and the geopolitical landscape, as well as processes of cultural emulation and cultic influence that took place in the southern Levant during the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age I, and Iron Age II. The key foci will be on the role of geese in cultural emulation, pigeons as sacrificial offerings, waterfowl affected by climate change, and the differences between local vs. import exploitation of birds.

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 79-95: “Chalkstone Vessels from Sepphoris: Galilean Production in Roman Times,” Maya Sherman, Zeev Weiss, Tami Zilberman, and Gal Yasur

Stone vessels were used in Judaea and the Galilee from the second half of the 1st century b.c.e. until the 2nd century c.e., when it is widely accepted that they were phased out. This study focuses on the major types of chalkstone vessels uncovered in Roman Sepphoris, identifies the unique forms in the assemblage, and discusses the technological issues pertaining to their production. The findings presented in this study suggest that the stone vessels in the Galilee, unlike those in Judaea, did not disappear immediately but were found in layers associated with the Late Roman period (mid-2nd to 4th centuries), thus indicating their continual use. In tracing the sources of the chalkstone vessels, the geochemical analysis employed in this study shows that large numbers of vessels used by Sepphoreans were evidently produced in local quarries of the Lower Galilee.

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 97-113: “The Color-Inlaid ‘Champlev茅’ Reliefs of the Synagogue at Sardis*,” by Marcus Rautman

One of the notable features of the Sardis Synagogue was its extensive decoration with floor mosaics, wall paintings, marble revetment, and opus sectile, with an ornamental relief arcade also appearing in the forecourt. Reliefs carved in the distinctive 鈥渃hamplev茅鈥� technique presented a series of arches with spandrels featuring vases, vines, and birds set against a reddish ground. The sculptural approach is not well known in the region, although examples of similar work have been reported across Europe and the east Mediterranean, most notably at Aizanoi, Antioch, and Kourion. Other fragments of incised and color-inlaid relief at Sardis suggest that the Synagogue arcade was carved by sculptors who were both familiar with the site and aware of broader trends in architectural ornament in the 6th century c.e.

*Remembering Gene Kleinbauer (1937鈥�2019)鈥攖eacher, mentor, and friend

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 115-136: “Between the Highland Polity and Philistia: The United Monarchy and the Resettlement of the Shephelah in the Iron Age IIA, with a Special Focus on Tel 士Eton and Khirbet Qeiyafa,” by Avraham Faust

The Shephelah, one of Judah鈥檚 8th century b.c.e. settlement hubs, was sparsely settled during the Iron Age I, when only a small Canaanite enclave survived in its eastern part. The resettlement of the Shephelah, beginning during the Iron Age I鈥揑I transition and lasting over 200 years, was a complex process that had two different facets. The first, better-known facet is the gradual establishment of dozens of new sites, the vast majority of which had clear connections to the highlands polity (e.g., Lachish, Tel Zayit, Tel Burna). The second, less-discussed facet is the transformations experienced by the few settlements that existed in the region in the Iron Age I, most notably Tell Beit Mirsim, Beth-Shemesh, Tel 士Eton, and Tel Halif. After presenting background data, the article will offer a detailed reconstruction of the processes through which the Shephelah became part of the highland polity, with a special focus on Tel 士Eton and on the enigmatic, earlier, and short-lived site of Khirbet Qeiyafa. The paper will conclude with a detailed refutation of the recent suggestion that the small Iron Age I Canaanite enclave that existed in the eastern Shephelah developed into a large Iron Age IIA Canaanite polity.

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 137-140: “The Alphabetic ‘Scribe’ of the Lachish Jar Inscription and the Hieratic Tradition in the Early Iron Age,” by William M. Schniedewind

The recently published 12th century b.c.e. jar inscription from Lachish was described as 鈥渦ndecipherable.鈥� This article offers a plausible interpretation suggesting a mixed inscription using linear alphabetic and an adaptation of the hieratic Egyptian accounting tradition. The inscription thus would stand at a transition point鈥攏amely, when linear alphabetic was beginning to be used administratively and when the Egyptian hieratic tradition was being adopted by alphabetic scribes.

17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this article. Once you have activated your member token, to access the above article on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

Pp. 141-173: “An Archaeological Survey of the Arab Village of Bureir: Perspectives on the Late Ottoman and British Mandate Period in Southern Israel,” by Benjamin Saidel, Rachel Hallote, Tali Erickson-Gini, Bernard Schecter, and James W. Hardin

This report presents the results of an archaeological survey of Bureir, Israel鈥攁 village site of the Ottoman and British Mandate periods. Serious archaeological study of the 19th and 20th centuries c.e. in the Levant is still relatively new, and the intent of this survey was to provide archaeological data to use in tandem with the large amount of historical information available for this village. The survey materials yielded information about Bureir鈥檚 economy and mode of subsistence as it changed through time, giving a detailed picture of a village within both local and regional contexts.

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17吃瓜Members with online access: navigate to the token link email sent to you before attempting to read this issue. Once you have activated your member token, to access the the entire issue, including book reviews, on The University of Chicago Press Journals’ website.

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ANE TODAY VOL I (2013)

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ANE Today 2013 Index

Vol. 1

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UCP BOOKS

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MEMBER RESOURCES

UCP BOOKS & E-BOOKS

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Libyan Museum Suitcase Update: Derj

Libyan Museum Suitcase Update: Derj

Talal Bariun and Will Raynolds

In partnership with our Libyan colleagues, and with support from the U.S. Department of State鈥檚 Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP), the Cultural Antiquities Task Force (CATF), and the U.S. Libyan External Office (LEO), 17吃瓜is bringing a message of hope through Cultural Heritage Volunteer Weekends (鈥減op-up鈥� events) and through one-day heritage workshops. ASOR’s one-day Cultural Heritage Outreach and Awareness Events utilize museum suitcase “tool kits” that were described in the . The听popularity of the Museum Suitcases in Libya continues to听grow thanks to the hard work of our team (see previous essays from and ). The essay below reports on a meeting in Derj, where local officials met with members of ASOR’s Museum Suitcase Project team and asked to be part of the project.听

Museum Suitcase Caravan Welcomed in Derj

Derj is in western Libya, between Nalut and Ghadames. It is marked on the map in red box.

Even in more stable times, a spring road trip into the Libya desert could be hazardous. The gibli winds of March, blowing north from the heart of the Sahara, caused sand dunes to shift in unpredictable ways, stretching and accumulating in new patterns over a matter of hours. In the worst cases, a driver discovered the road ahead was closed by sand. By the time they turned around and retraced their route, they found that another errant dune had closed the road behind them as well, trapping them until they found an alternate way around or through. Under such conditions, careful planning and patience have always been necessary.

Given the current dysfunction of Libyan public services, the roads have become even worse as all maintenance has ceased. A drive that would normally take half an hour now takes an hour and a half. As the Museum in a Suitcase team packed to travel to the UNESCO World Heritage site of Ghadames to host another in our series of cultural heritage outreach events, we knew that we had a long road trip in front of us. At the last possible moment, we received an invitation from the residents of Derj, a small oasis town at the crossroads between Ghadames and the central desert. They had heard about our project and wanted to find a way for the people of Derj to benefit from and join us in our efforts to protect Libyan heritage. After weighing the risks with the team, we all agreed. We couldn鈥檛 turn down such an invitation even though it would delay us on our route.

We arrived in Derj with a convoy of five cars, and we needed gas. For years now, there have been fuel shortages around the country, and it has become normal to wait in line for hours to fill up. It wasn鈥檛 surprising to find that there were already ten or fifteen cars assembled in front of the only gas station in town, so we decided to join the back of the line and begin our wait before we went to the city offices to meet our hosts. As soon as the residents in Derj heard about our mission, they waved us forward to front of the line and we filled our tanks immediately.

This was just the beginning of our welcome. The mayor greeted us in his office, offering us each a cup of milk and a serving of dates, traditional oasis hospitality. Their sweetness perked us up after a long morning on the road. He then invited us to join him and the rest of the municipal council for a large lunch consisting of lamb and vegetables served over couscous and ftat, a traditional flat bread soaked in oil.

During the meal, Mohammed Harb, a local Scout leader, explained that Derj needed our help. According to him, the historic sites of the city, including the Diab Kasbah, which dates back to the eleventh century A.D., and Taigha Square, which is surrounded by ancient mud brick buildings and has long served as the heart of town, are as important as any historic site in Ghadames but they have never enjoyed the same kind of attention.

He asked for our assistance in building up a community of support for historic Derj by joining the Suitcase Museum project and then assisting the community to connect the historic sites of the city to local and international resources that could help protect them. We saw the hope in his eyes and so we couldn鈥檛 refuse.

Though we have now distributed all of the project Suitcases (they are currently active in seventeen cities around Libya) and we had no extra material for Derj, our team member from Zliten decided to gift his suitcase to the city to help jumpstart their program. There is no stronger example of the camaraderie of our team. We intended to present a longer program in Derj on our way back from Ghadames, but the coronavirus pandemic intervened. We will return to this remarkable oasis town as soon as it is written in our fate.

Mud brick buildings surround Taigha Square in Derj.

This historic tower, part of the Diab Kasbah, stands 12m tall and is one of the most prominent landmarks of old Derj.

Members of ASOR’s Museum Suitcase team were welcomed by local officials and community members.

A History of ASOR: The First Decades

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A HISTORY OF ASOR: THE FIRST DECADES

[/vc_column_text][mk_divider][vc_wp_text]17吃瓜celebrates 120 years in 2020. 听In honor of this anniversary, throughout the year we will be posting a history of ASOR, from its foundation to the present. This will include the many accomplishments and activities of 17吃瓜members and 17吃瓜as an organization. Join us as we delve deeper into ASOR鈥檚 history with images and anecdotes from the 17吃瓜archives.

Imperial Firman issued to the American Schools of Oriental Research by the Ottoman Empire.

The foundation of 17吃瓜can be traced to the late Nineteenth Century, when multiple academic organizations recognized the need for 鈥渆stablishing an overseas research center in the Near East鈥� (Meyers 2001; 4). With the help of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA), American Oriental Society (AOS), and the Society for Biblical Literature (SBL), 17吃瓜was founded as the American School of Oriental Study and Research in Palestine. Originally intended as an organization to study scripture in the Holy Land, its parameters were expanded to include 鈥渓inguistic, archaeological, historical, and other kindred studies and researches鈥� within the Levant (From Founding Resolutions, 1900 in Meyers 200; 3). With support from 21 academic institutions, the scope of the American School of Oriental Study and Research in Palestine began to include research from different time periods and cultures throughout the Near East.

With the research goals established, 17吃瓜needed a physical home from which to conduct business and research. Under leadership from the first Director, Charles C. Torrey, an Imperial Firman from the Ottoman Empire was granted for the formation of offices in Jerusalem. Beginning at the Grand New Hotel near the Jaffa Gate, the American School of Oriental Study and Research in Palestine led a nomadic existence for the next 24 years. There was no permanent home for the organization until 1924 when under the direction of William F. Albright, the Jerusalem School was constructed.

Sarcophagus from excavation at Sidon.

Throughout the first two-decades of ASOR鈥檚 existence, research took place at an inconsistent pace due to the instability of the region, the First World War and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Despite this, the first archaeological excavation, led by Torrey, began in 1901 at the tombs at Sidon. Further excavations were led to Samaria in 1908 through the funding of Reverend James B. Nies, PhD., a regular and generous donor to 17吃瓜during its first years. A significant step for 17吃瓜was the publication of first issue of Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research (BASOR) in 1919. Publication of this annual journal has occurred for the past 101 years, detailing research in the Near East.

The most significant moment in ASOR鈥檚 early decades was the legal incorporation of the organization in the United States in 1921. These articles formally changed the name to the American Schools of Oriental Research, which 鈥渨as suggestive of the expansion of geographical interests and the development of other research institutes鈥� (Meyers 2001; 11). This marked a turning point for 17吃瓜in which the organization broadened its research interests and capabilities.

 

Sources:

Meyers, Eric M. and Joe D. Seger. 2001. ASOR: A History of the American Schools of Oriental Research. In An 17吃瓜Mosaic, edited by Joe D. Seger, pp. 2-103. American Schools of Oriental Research, Boston.[/vc_wp_text][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684098866{margin-right: 5px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_wp_posts title=”BROWSE THE NEWS ARCHIVE” number=”4″][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684008271{margin-right: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_column_text] [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Updated Letter on ASOR’s Responses to COVID-19

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UPDATED LETTER ON ASOR鈥橲 RESPONSES TO COVID-19

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April 22, 2020

Dear Fellow 17吃瓜Members,

The 17吃瓜family is a strong and close one, and that fact has never been more evident than in these challenging and stressful times. Due to the rapidly changing situation with the COVID-19 crisis, we plan to update this letter at least bi-monthly.

Please know that we at 17吃瓜are doing all that we can to serve our constituents, while keeping the safety and health of our members, volunteers, officers, and employees as our highest priority.

First, we want to share (and in some cases repeat) the things we are doing to ensure that everyone is as safe as possible:

  • Health and Safety of 17吃瓜members and staff鈥擳o date, no 17吃瓜full-time staff have experienced a COVID-19 illness. One former part-time staff member was presumptively positive, and fortunately that person has now recovered. Related, we learned that one member contracted the virus, and fortunately that member also has recovered. We are sad to report that one parent of a member passed away from a COVID-19 illness. 听If you are aware of anyone who has experienced an illness and if 17吃瓜might provide assistance, please e-mail Andy Vaughn.
  • The 17吃瓜Office鈥擳he James F. Strange Center鈥攊n Old Town Alexandria is operating on remote-only work schedule. The staff is staying in touch with frequent messaging and video conferencing. No layoffs have occurred, and we have received word that we have been approved for a SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan that was made available through the CARES Act. Pending finalization of the loan and receipt of funds, we anticipate that much of this loan will be forgiven and effectively become a “grant.” Our dedicated staff has been, and continues to be, outstanding.
  • Physical Mail Delivery鈥擜SOR’s ability to receive and to process physical mail has been greatly reduced. Please consider making membership payments and gifts via our . Please e-mail info@asor.org if you have questions or need help. You may also send us a phone number by e-mail if you would like us to call you to make a credit card payment over the phone (please do not send credit card information by e-mail).
  • The 17吃瓜Board Meeting: We have rescheduled the meeting for May 14th, and it will be held as a virtual 听meeting. 17吃瓜continues to test our new Zoom subscription, which we are using this platform more and more to carry out essential business.
  • Dig Scholarships, Excavation Grants, and Research Fellowships鈥擜fter much consideration, 17吃瓜decided to postpone all dig scholarships for excavation participants until 2021. We did not reach this decision lightly. We heard that more than 80% of ASOR-affiliated excavations have canceled their summer field work, and the remainder of the projects will most likely cancel as well. We anticipate deciding about excavation grants and research fellowships in late April or early May. We will segregate endowment distributions and gifts already received for awards in 2021, if necessary. Calendar year 2020 was shaping up to be our largest year ever for scholarships, grants, and fellowships, for which we are grateful to all of our supporters. We hope that the segregated funds will enable a 50% increase in funding over 2019 levels in 2021.

Second, we want to share some of the things that we are doing to support you, our members, while many are practicing social and physical distancing:

  • Membership Scholarships Available鈥擨f you have experienced a financial challenge because of the COVID-19 crisis (or if you know of an 17吃瓜member who has a need), please ask about a membership scholarship. Some generous members of the 17吃瓜family have pledged funds to pay the membership dues for anyone who has lost employment or substantial income because of this crisis. To date, we have awarded four such scholarships, and have pledges to support the anticipated need through June. Please contact Felice Herman or Andy Vaughn for more information.
  • Online Resources鈥擳he 17吃瓜office staff (led by Marta Ostovich) has launched webpages to share resources supporting students, professors, and teachers at all levels who are participating in online education with little advance notice. These pages are expanding daily; we invite you to participate so that we can help each other by sharing ideas and expertise.
  • Online access to 17吃瓜journals鈥擳he full-text and enhanced online access to 17吃瓜journals have never been more important. Members with online access to journals can not only view the full text of articles, but all illustrations and figures may be downloaded seamlessly into Powerpoint. for a webpage that outlines all of these features. Please e-mail Felice Herman if you have questions.
  • Publications鈥擳hanks to the excellent work of our editorial teams, the 17吃瓜staff, and our partnerships with University of Chicago Press and ISD, the production and distribution of 17吃瓜journals and books continue without interruption. Everyone is working remotely as much as possible, and we do not anticipate any interruptions in fulfilling this vital member service.
  • Annual Meeting鈥擶e continue to prepare for our largest and best Annual Meeting in Boston in November. We expect more than 1,200 attendees; as of April 20, 2020, we already have 700 registrants. Because of the uncertainty of travel, we have extended the Early Bird registration rate until July 8, 2020. In late June, we will re-evaluate the situation and determine if a further extension is warranted. The Program Committee and 17吃瓜staff are working remotely to ensure that the Annual Meeting program will be the strongest ever. We, of course, will keep the health of all participants as our highest priority.
  • General Operations鈥擳he 17吃瓜staff and our volunteers continue to respond to e-mails and phone calls. With our staff working remotely, answering phones and voicemail may be delayed. Please consider sending an e-mail if you are able.
  • Shepard Urgent Action Grants鈥擨n the midst of so many things being postponed, we are thrilled to announce a new initiative that we hope to implement in spite of social distancing and self-quarantining efforts. Launched on April 2, 2020, these new grants are designed to address urgent needs for cultural heritage site mitigation and stabilization. Funding may be available in as little as 4-6 weeks following an application. Please check out the .

Third, we need to share some challenges. We will continue to update you on these items. If you are aware of other issues that we should communicate in subsequent member correspondence, please let us know.

  • The programs at our Overseas Research Centers in , Jerusalem, and are suffering from travel restrictions and cutbacks in fieldwork. Significant portions of their income derive from visits to and work on 17吃瓜field projects and other research, for which they provide essential support and services. For the most part, these projects have been cancelled for 2020. We have been in touch with all the directors. They are coping effectively with the changing circumstances. The has been particularly hit hard.
  • ASOR鈥檚 Endowment Accounts鈥擫ike many institutions, 17吃瓜has invested our endowment accounts using an 80/20 allocation鈥�80% in equities and 20% in bonds and cash. We have thus experienced a significant correction over the first quarter of 2020. As of March 31, 2020, most of our endowment accounts were down 12.1% for the fiscal year (July 1 鈥� June 30). Because we maintain a 20% allocation in bonds and cash, we re-balanced our portfolios in April 2020, per our investment guidelines. We also make quarterly distributions based on averages from the last 12 quarters, so we will continue to be conservative in distributing funds from endowments. In addition, the Finance Committee voted unanimously to forego distributions from endowment accounts for excavation grants and dig scholarships for the 1st and 2nd quarters of 2020 in order to allow our accounts to recover some of their market losses. We have taken our normal distribution from our endowment for operations account, and we continue to use a conservative 3.5% withdraw rate.
  • ASOR鈥檚 Annual Fund (unrestricted giving)鈥擶hile 17吃瓜remains in sound financial shape, while we anticipate receiving a Paycheck Protection Program Loan to assist with staff salaries, and while we have modest accumulated funds to see us through a challenging year, we need members to consider unrestricted contributions and gifts. To date in this fiscal year (ends June 30, 2020), we have received less than half of the $125,000 that we budgeted for unrestricted giving. to make a gift online.

Finally, we want to conclude as we began鈥攜our health and well-being is our highest concern. We are grateful for your continued support of 17吃瓜and of your fellow members. You are, and continue to be, amazing.

Best regards,

Sharon Herbert, 17吃瓜President (president@asor.org)
Richard Coffman, 17吃瓜Board Chair (RCoffman@coffmanlawfirm.com)
Andy Vaughn, 17吃瓜Executive Director (executive-director@asor.org)[/vc_wp_text][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684098866{margin-right: 5px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_wp_posts title=”BROWSE THE NEWS ARCHIVE” number=”4″][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684008271{margin-right: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_column_text] [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Annual Meeting 2020: Early Bird Rate Extended

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NEWS@17吃瓜E-NEWSLETTER

ANCIENT NEAR EAST TODAY E-NEWSLETTER

PAST 17吃瓜NEWS, MONTH BY MONTH

17吃瓜ANNUAL MEETING

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DEADLINE FOR EARLY-BIRD REGISTRATION EXTENDED TO JULY 8

[/vc_column_text][mk_divider][vc_wp_text]The 17吃瓜staff and our many volunteers continue to prepare for our best Annual Meeting to date. At this point, we expect more than 1,200 attendees, and we are thrilled that we already have more than 700 registrants. Additionally, we are exploring ways that we might enhance the Annual Meeting with prerecorded online presentations and discussions.

Because of the uncertainty of travel during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and because of the changing situation for many of our members, we have extended the Early Bird registration rate until July 8, 2020. In late June, we will re-evaluate the situation and see if a further extension seems warranted. The Program Committee and 17吃瓜staff are working remotely to ensure that the program will be the strongest ever.

During a time when so much is uncertain due to the COVID-19 pandemic, everyone at 17吃瓜will do our best to provide information and answers in a timely manner. We, of course, will keep the health of all participants as our highest priority.听If you have any questions, please contact Arlene Press, ASOR鈥檚 Director of Meetings and Events, at听meetings@asor.org.[/vc_wp_text][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684098866{margin-right: 5px !important;margin-bottom: 20px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_wp_posts title=”BROWSE THE NEWS ARCHIVE” number=”4″][/vc_column][vc_column border_color=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” width=”1/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1496684008271{margin-right: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;border-right-width: 2px !important;border-bottom-width: 2px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;border-right-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;border-bottom-color: rgba(227,228,228,0.75) !important;}”][vc_column_text] [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Libyan Update: Nalut

Nalut Hosts Workshop for Cultural Heritage Protection

Talal Bariun and Will Raynolds

In partnership with our Libyan colleagues, and with support from the U.S. Department of State鈥檚 Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP), the Cultural Antiquities Task Force (CATF), and the U.S. Embassy Libya External Office (LEO), 17吃瓜is bringing a message of hope through Cultural Heritage Volunteer Weekends (鈥減op-up鈥� events) and through one-day heritage workshops.

Intisar al Arebi, one of the most dedicated and intrepid members of the Suitcase Museum team, crawled down into a small, darkened enclosure. She waved the light of her mobile phone in front of her to guide the way. 鈥淭he temperature was cool inside and there were clay storage vessels built into the walls,鈥� she explained after resurfacing, 鈥済ood for keeping all kinds of food fresh, like wheat, barley, olive oil and dried dates and figs. As I looked around, I was surprised to find a plaster relief in the form of a cross carefully attached to the back wall.鈥�

She had entered the earthen heart of Qasr Nalut, a fortified granary that for centuries served as a sort of central bank for the city. Roughly circular in form, it consists of hundreds of small cells, hosting the food stores of individual families. Each cell was a combination between a safety deposit box and a refrigerator. According to our guide, Suliman Amru Ahmad, the design is both a testament to the ingenuity of the community as well as a sign of the dangers they faced. Persistent raiders attempted to steal the harvests from farmers along the edge of Libya鈥檚 Jebel Nafusa, and the granary was a strategy for communal protection and survival.

Intisar al Arebi exploring one of the granaries of Qasr Nalut.

Clay storage vessels within one of the cells.

Though Qasr Nalut is one of many fortified granaries that characterize towns throughout the Nafusa region, including other notable examples at Qasr Hajj and Kabaw, it is the only one that is so densely built, with a freestanding tower at its center, a sign of its relative success. Suliman explained that the sign of the cross found by Intisar was not unusual given that the fortified site had once served a diverse community including both Jews and Christians. The nearby Abi Mohammed Kabawi Mosque also bears signs of the cross and the Star of David, testament to successive reuse through time.

Community members described a society that was more tolerant of religious differences because of their common ethnic identity. In Nalut and throughout the Nafusa region, the majority self-identifies as Libyan Berber or Amazigh. Thought to be the descendants of the Numidians who joined Rome in defeating Hannibal Barca at the battle of Zama in 202 BC, the Amazigh remain united through a strong commitment to a shared language and culture. Yet this culture has been swiftly changing.

Team members visit Qasr Nalut.
Qasr Nalut granaries.

Since the early 1980鈥檚, both the Qasr and the surrounding old city were abandoned by residents who built new houses with low-interest loans from the government and began to store their food in pantries and refrigerators instead of mud brick rooms. Nalut expanded rapidly over this period, and the historic core began to decay after its residents left. One elder member of the local Scout troop, Khalifa Kafu, had lived through these changes. Like many of his peers, he remembered life in the old city as better than life in the new, much larger houses where his family lives now. He returns to his abandoned home frequently and would like to find a way to offer lasting protection to the old city and share it with future generations.

The old city of Nalut has been abandoned and continues to decay.

The Amazigh of the Nafusa region struggled to access state resources under the Gaddafi regime. However, since the Libyan revolution of 2011, communities like Nalut have been particularly active in marshalling resources to protect their cultural heritage, and they now seek to connect with partners who share this goal. This was exactly the kind of conversation we had hoped to convene with our latest cultural heritage outreach workshop in Nalut.

Departing Tripoli earlier in the day, our team heard heavy artillery fire downtown, and we had taken a circuitous route to avoid active conflict areas during our travel. The hardship and risk we faced while on the road were made up for by the enthusiasm that greeted us in Nalut. Over the course of four days, 168 people representing 12 national and regional institutions gathered to discuss the richness of this cultural heritage as well as strategies for its protection. We plan to translate this conversation into action through both the ongoing Suitcase Museum program as well as marshalling volunteers to contribute to ongoing maintenance projects.

Community members engage with the lecture materials presented during the workshop.

This article reports on the first two days of the Nalut Cultural Heritage Protection Workshop. Stay tuned for more news from the Nalut Workshop in News@ASOR and ANE Today!