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賲賳丨賴 卮賷亘乇丿 丕賱丕噩乇丕亍 丕賱毓丕噩賱

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听 SHARE

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賲賳丨丞 卮賷亘乇丿 丕賱丕噩乇丕亍 丕賱毓丕噩賱

丕亘鬲丿丕亍賸 賲賳 兀亘乇賷賱 2020貙 賵丨鬲賶 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱毓丕賲 2020貙 爻鬲賯丿賲 賲丐爻爻賴17吃瓜毓丿丿 听賲賳丨鬲賷賳 廿賱賶 兀乇亘毓 賲賳丨 鬲鬲乇丕賵丨 亘賷賳 2500 賵10000 丿賵賱丕乇 賱賲卮丕乇賷毓 丕賱丨賮乇 賱鬲賳賮賷匕 兀賳卮胤丞 听丕賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賷 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 賮賷 丨丕賱丕鬲 丕賱胤賵丕乇卅 賮賷 丕賱賲賵丕賯毓 丕賱兀孬乇賷丞 賮賷 賲賳胤賯鬲賷 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀亘賷囟 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 賵丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤.

丕賱賲賵毓丿 丕賱賳賴丕卅賷 賱鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 賴賵 丕賱賲鬲丿丕賵賱貙 賵爻賵賮 鬲亘丿兀 賲乇丕噩毓丞 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 賮賷 1 兀亘乇賷賱 2020. 賵賳馗乇賸丕 賱兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賳丨賴賲禺氐氐丞 賱兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱胤賵丕乇卅 丕賱毓丕噩賱賴 貙 賮廿賳 賲丐爻爻賴 17吃瓜爻賵賮 鬲爻毓賷 亘丕賱乇丿 賮賷 睾囟賵賳 兀乇亘毓丞 廿賱賶 爻鬲丞 兀爻丕亘賷毓 賲賳 鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賱胤賱亘. 听賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘 爻賵賮 鬲鬲賵賮乇 听丕賱丿毓賲 丕賱賲丕丿賷 賮賷 睾囟賵賳 5 丕賱賷10 兀賷丕賲 毓賲賱 亘毓丿 丕賱丕賳鬲賴丕亍 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱兀賵乇丕賯 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲賷賳 丕賱賲賯亘賵賱賷賳.

賵賷亘賱睾 丕賱賲亘賱睾 丕賱廿噩賲丕賱賷 丕賱賲鬲丕丨 賱毓丕賲 2020 听禺賲爻賴 毓卮乇 丕賱賮 丿賵賱丕乇 貙 賵賱匕賱賰 賱賳 鬲賯亘賱 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 亘賲噩乇丿 鬲賵夭賷毓 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀賲賵丕賱 丕賱賲鬲丕丨丞. 爻鬲賯賵賲 賲丐爻爻賴 17吃瓜听亘賳卮乇 廿卮毓丕乇 毓賱賶 听賲賵賯毓賴丕听 丕賱丕賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷 (鬲賲 鬲爻賱賷賲 噩賲賷毓 丕賱兀賲賵丕賱 賱毓丕賲 2020).

鬲賲 兀賳卮丕亍 亘乇賳丕賲噩 “賲賳丨賴 卮賷亘乇丿 听丕賱丕噩乇丕亍 丕賱毓丕噩賱 ” 賮賷 毓丕賲 2020 亘賲爻丕賴賲丕鬲 爻賳賵賷丞 賱丿毓賲 兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱胤賵丕乇卅 賵丕賱丕爻鬲噩丕亘丞 丕賱爻乇賷毓丞 賮賷 丕賱賲賵丕賯毓 丕賱兀孬乇賷丞 賮賷 听丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕賵爻胤 賵 賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀亘賷囟 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤. 賮賷 丨賷賳 爻賷鬲賲 廿毓胤丕亍 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞 賱賲卮丕乇賷毓 丕賱丨賮乇 賵丕賱賮乇賯 听丕賱賲賳鬲爻亘賴 丕賱賷 賲丐爻爻賴 17吃瓜貙 爻賷鬲賲 丕賱賳馗乇 賮賷 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲卮丕乇賷毓. 听賮賷 丨丕賱賴 毓丿賲 丕賱丕賳鬲爻丕亘 賷噩賵夭 听賱賷 听丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 亘胤賱亘 賱賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳鬲爻丕亘 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賵賯鬲 丕賱匕賷 賷賯丿賲 賮賷賴 胤賱亘 賲賳丨丞 卮賷亘乇丿 賱賱丕噩乇丕亍 丕賱毓丕噩賱貙听. 亘乇噩丕亍 听丕賱鬲賵丕氐賱 賲毓 听听丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕賴 賲丕乇鬲丕 丕爻鬲賵賮賷鬲卮 ( Ostovich Marta听)貙 賲丿賷乇 賱賱亘乇丕賲噩 亘賷 听听17吃瓜听听毓賱賷 丕賱亘乇賷丿 丕賱丕賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷 programs@asor.org.廿匕丕 賰丕賳 賱丿賷賰 兀爻卅賱丞 兀賵 鬲鬲胤賱亘 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲.

丕賱賲亘丕丿卅 丕賱鬲賵噩賷賴賷賴

  • 賷噩亘 鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 賲賳 賯亘賱 賲丿賷乇 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓. 賷乇噩賶 丕丿乇丕噩 丕爻賲丕亍 丕賱賲卮乇賮賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 兀賵 睾賷乇賴賲 賲賳 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲乇賲賷賲 賮賷 兀爻鬲賲丕乇賴 胤賱亘 賱賱賲賳丨賴.
  • 賵爻賷購胤賱亘 賲賳 賲賯丿賲賷 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 鬲賯丿賷賲 亘賷丕賳 賲賳賮氐賱 賷卮乇丨 賰賷賮 賷賲賰賳 鬲賳賮賷匕 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 丕賱賲賯鬲乇丨 賵賷賲賰賳 鬲賳賮賷匕賴 亘兀賲丕賳 賮賷 囟賵亍 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱賯丕卅賲丞 丨丕賱賷丕 賮賷 亘賱丿 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓貙 賵賱丕 爻賷賲丕 賮賷 馗賱 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱丨丕賱賷賴 (賱賵亘丕亍 賮賷乇賵爻 賰賵乇賵賳丕).
  • 丕賱賲亘賱睾 丕賱廿噩賲丕賱賷 賱賱賲賰丕賮丌鬲 賱毓丕賲 2020 禺賲爻賴 毓卮乇 丕賱丕賮 丿賵賱丕乇 . 賵賯丿 鬲鬲乇丕賵丨 賲亘丕賱睾 丕賱噩賵丕卅夭 亘賷賳 500 2 丿賵賱丕乇 賵 000 10 丿賵賱丕乇貙 賵鬲鬲乇丕賵丨 賲毓馗賲 丕賱噩賵丕卅夭 亘賷賳 500 2 丿賵賱丕乇 賵 000 5 丿賵賱丕乇. 賵爻賷鬲賲 丕賱賳馗乇 賮賷 胤賱亘丕鬲 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 賲亘丕賱睾 鬲夭賷丿 毓 000 5 丿賵賱丕乇貙 賵賱賰賳 賷賳亘睾賷 賱賲賯丿賲賷 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 兀賳 賷卮丿丿賵丕 毓賱賶 囟乇賵乇丞 賵丕賴賲賷賴 賵噩賵丿 賲亘賱睾 賰亘賷乇.
    賵賱賳 賷購賳馗乇 賮賷 胤賱亘丕鬲 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 賲亘丕賱睾 鬲鬲噩丕賵夭 000 5 丿賵賱丕乇 賱賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 鬲毓賵賷囟 兀氐睾乇. 賵亘賵噩賴 毓丕賲貙 爻鬲毓胤賶 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞 賱賱賲賯鬲乇丨丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞 亘丕賱賲亘丕賱睾 丕賱兀氐睾乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賱 毓賱賶 兀孬乇 賰亘賷乇 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賯鬲乇丨丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞 亘賲亘丕賱睾 兀賰亘乇. 賷鬲賲 鬲卮噩賷毓 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲賷賳 毓賱賶 鬲賯丿賷賲 丿毓賲 賲丕丿賷 賲胤丕亘賯.
  • 爻賷鬲賲 賯亘賵賱 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 賲賳 兀賷 賲卮乇賵毓 鬲賳賯賷亘 賮賷 賲賳胤賯鬲賷 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤 賵丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀亘賷囟 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 (丕賳馗乇 亘賷丕賳 丕賱賲賴賲丞 ASOR)..
  • 賵丕賱睾乇囟 賲賳 賲賳丨賴 “丕賱丕爻鬲噩丕亘丞 丕賱爻乇賷毓丞” 賴匕賴 賴賵 丕賱兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱胤丕乇卅丞 兀賵 丕賱毓丕噩賱丞 賵賱賷爻 賱兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱丨賮乇 丕賱賲賳鬲馗賲丞. 賵賮賷賲丕 賷賱賷 兀賲孬賱丞 (賱賷爻鬲 賯丕卅賲丞 卮丕賲賱丞) 賱賱兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賲賰賳 丕賱賳馗乇 賮賷賴丕:
    1. 鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱胤賵丕乇卅 兀賵 鬲孬亘賷鬲 兀賵 丕賱鬲賳賯賷亘 毓賳 賲賵賯毓 兀孬乇賷 (兀賵 爻賲丞 兀孬乇賷丞) 鬲囟乇乇鬲 亘爻亘亘 丕賱賳賴亘 兀賵 丕賱鬲禺乇賷亘 兀賵 丕賱賳夭丕毓 兀賵 丕賱兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞.
    2. 鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱胤賵丕乇卅 兀賵 鬲孬亘賷鬲 兀賵 丕賱鬲賳賯賷亘 毓賳 賲賵賯毓 兀賵 賲賳胤賯賴 兀孬乇賷丞 賲毓乇囟丞 賱賱禺胤乇 亘爻亘亘 丕賱鬲睾賷乇 丕賱亘賷卅賷 丕賱賲賮丕噩卅 (毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱貙 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓 兀賳 鬲睾胤賷 丕賱亘丨賷乇丞 賲賵賯毓賸丕 亘爻亘亘 爻丿 鬲賲 亘賳丕丐賴 丨丿賷孬賸丕).
    3. 丕賱丨賲丕賷丞 丕賱胤丕乇卅丞 賱賲賵賯毓 兀賵 賲賳胤賯賴 兀孬乇賷丞 賲毓乇囟丞 賱禺胤乇 賵卮賷賰 賲賳 丕賱賳賴亘 兀賵 丕賱鬲禺乇賷亘 兀賵 丕賱賳夭丕毓 兀賵 丕賱兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞.
    4. 丕賱鬲賵胤賷丿 丕賱胤丕乇卅 賱賷 丕賷 丕孬乇 丕賵 賲賵賯毓 丕孬乇賷 賮賷 丨丕賱賴 丨乇噩丞 賵 毓賱賶 賵卮賰 丕賱賮卮賱 丕賱賴賷賰賱賷 兀賵 兀賷 鬲丿賴賵乇 丨丕丿 貙 賳鬲賷噩丞 賱賱丨賮乇 丕賱睾賷乇 賲卮乇賵毓.
    5. 鬲乇賲賷賲 毓丕噩賱 賵 丕賱胤丕乇卅 賳鬲賷噩賴 賱賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮丕鬲 睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓丞 兀賵 睾賷乇 丕賱毓丕丿賷丞 賲賳 賲賵賯毓 丕賱丨賮乇 (毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱貙 丕賰鬲卮丕賮 兀丿賱丞 賴丕賲丞 亘卮賰賱 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵賯毓 賵賮賷 丨丕噩丞 賲丕爻丞 廿賱賶 丕賱鬲乇賲賷賲 賯亘賱 廿噩乇丕亍 丕賱鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱爻賱賷賲 賵 丕賱鬲乇賲賷賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丿賶 丕賱胤賵賷賱).

  • 賵賷賳亘睾賷 兀賳 鬲鬲囟賲賳 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 兀丿賱丞 毓賱賶 兀賳 馗乇賵賮 丕賱賲賵賯毓 丕賱丕孬乇賷 鬲鬲胤賱亘 丕鬲禺丕匕 廿噩乇丕亍丕鬲 毓丕噩賱丞 賵兀賳 兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱鬲賵孬賷賯 賵丕賱鬲孬亘賷鬲 賵/兀賵 丕賱鬲乇賲賷賲 丕賱毓丕噩賱丞 丕賱賲賯鬲乇丨丞 爻鬲賳噩夭 亘賳噩丕丨 亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱賲賳丨賴 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞. 賵爻鬲毓胤賶 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞 賱賱兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓丕賱噩 亘賮毓丕賱賷丞 丨丕賱丞 兀賵 兀夭賲丞 毓丕噩賱丞貙 亘丿賱丕 賲賳 丕賱兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮賰賱 噩夭亍丕 賲賳 亘乇賳丕賲噩 亘丨孬賷.
  • 賷噩亘 兀賳 鬲鬲囟賲賳 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 賵孬丕卅賯 (兀賵 亘賷丕賳) 鬲孬亘鬲 兀賳 賲賯丿賲賷 丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 賱丿賷賴賲 鬲氐丕乇賷丨 賵丕賱廿匕賳 賵丕賱丕賵乇丕賯 丕賱乇爻賲賷賴 賲賳 丕賱噩賴丕鬲 丕賱丕夭賲賴 賱鬲賳賮賷匕 丕賱毓賲賱 兀賵 丕賱兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱賲賯鬲乇丨丞.
  • 爻賷鬲賲 鬲賲賵賷賱 胤賱亘 賵丕丨丿 賮賯胤 賲賳 賲卮乇賵毓 兀賵 賲賵賯毓 丨賮乇 賮賷 兀賷 爻賳丞 賲毓賷賳丞. 賵亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 匕賱賰貙 爻鬲毓胤賷 賱噩賳丞 丕賱丕禺鬲賷丕乇 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞 賱賲卮丕乇賷毓 丕賱丨賮乇 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲鬲賱賯 賲賳丨丞 丕賱丕噩乇丕亍 毓丕噩賱 賲賳 17吃瓜賮賷 丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 丕賱孬賱丕孬 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞.
  • 賱賲 賷鬲賲 鬲氐賲賷賲 賲賳丨 丕賱丕噩乇丕亍 丕賱毓丕噩賱 賲賳 卮賷亘乇丿 賱鬲賲賵賷賱 丕賱爻賮乇 賱賱胤賱丕亘 丕賱賲鬲胤賵毓賷賳 兀賵 丕賱賲賵馗賮賷賳 貙 賰賲丕 兀賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲賴丿賮 廿賱賶 丿毓賲 乇爻賵賲 丕賱賲卮丕乇賰丞 賮賷 丕賱丨賮乇. 賵賱丕 鬲賴丿賮 丕賱賲賳丨賴 廿賱賶 丿毓賲 兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱亘丨孬 兀賵 丕賱鬲賳賯賷亘 丕賱鬲賷 賷賲賰賳 鬲兀噩賷賱賴丕 兀賵 鬲兀噩賷賱賴丕 賱賲丿丞 爻鬲丞 兀卮賴乇 兀賵 兀賰孬乇. 亘賱 廿賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賳丨 鬲賴丿賮 廿賱賶 丿毓賲 兀賳卮胤丞 丕賱鬲乇賲賷賲 賵 丕賱鬲孬亘賷鬲 賵丕賱丨賮乇 賵/兀賵 丕賱鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱毓丕噩賱 丨賯丕.
  • 賵爻鬲鬲丕丨 丕賱丿毓賲 丕賱賲丕丿賷 賲賳 賲賰鬲亘 ASOR貙 賵賷噩賵夭 賱賱賲爻鬲賮賷丿賷賳 丕賱兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 賳賲賵匕噩 1099 賱賱兀賲賵丕賱 丕賱賲鬲賱賯丕丞. 賷毓鬲賲丿 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱兀賲賵丕賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賵丕胤賳賷賳 睾賷乇 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丿賯賷賯 丕賱匕賷 賯丿 賷鬲胤賱亘賴 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 兀賵 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賲鬲孬丕賱 17吃瓜賱賱兀賳馗賲丞 丕賱賲氐乇賮賷丞 兀賵 丕賱賱賵丕卅丨 丕賱兀禺乇賶. 賱賰賷 鬲賯賵賲 17吃瓜亘鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱兀賲賵丕賱 毓賱賶 賲丐爻爻丞 賲丕貙 賯丿 賷鬲賲 鬲胤亘賷賯 亘毓囟 丕賱賯賷賵丿. 賷購爻賲丨 賮賯胤 亘丕賱賲氐乇賵賮丕鬲 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇丞貙 賵賱丕 賷噩賵夭 鬲丨賲賷賱 兀賷 鬲賰丕賱賷賮 睾賷乇 賲亘丕卮乇丞 兀賵 賳賮賯丕鬲 毓丕賲丞 賲賳 賯亘賱 賲丐爻爻丞 鬲鬲賱賯賶 賲賳丨丞 廿噩乇丕亍 毓丕噩賱 賲賳 卮賷亘乇丿.
  • 賵賲賳 丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓 兀賳 賷賯丿賲 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲賵賳 丕賱賳丕噩丨賵賳 鬲賯乇賷乇丕賸 賮賷 睾囟賵賳 90 賷賵賲丕賸 賲賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賴丕亍 賲賳 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 賷賱禺氐 丕賱兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲丞 賵丕賱賳鬲丕卅噩 丕賱賲丨賯賯丞 亘丿毓賲 賲賳 賲賳丨丞 丕鬲禺丕匕 廿噩乇丕亍丕鬲 毓丕噩賱丞 賲賳 卮賷亘乇丿. 賵賷賳亘睾賷 兀賳 賷賵孬賯 丕賱鬲賯乇賷乇 兀賷囟丕 賰賷賮賷丞 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱兀賲賵丕賱貙 賵賷賳亘睾賷 兀賳 賷鬲囟賲賳 氐賵乇丕 毓丕賱賷丞 丕賱丿賯丞. 毓賳丿 賯亘賵賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賳丨丞貙 賷賵丕賮賯 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲賵賳 丕賱賳丕噩丨賵賳 毓賱賶 兀賳賴 賷賲賰賳 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱鬲賯乇賷乇 賵丕賱氐賵乇 賲賳 賯亘賱 17吃瓜毓賱賶 賲賵賯毓賴丕 丕賱廿賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷 賵賱兀睾乇丕囟 鬲乇賵賷噩賷丞. 賵廿匕丕 賱賲 賷賰鬲賲賱 丕賱毓賲賱 賮賷 睾囟賵賳 爻鬲丞 兀卮賴乇 賲賳 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱兀賲賵丕賱貙 鬲胤賱亘 17吃瓜鬲丨丿賷孬丕賸 賲賳 賲丿賷乇 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓.

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Fellowship Report: Marcella Barbosa

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THE EDGE OF THE LATE BRONZE AGE CULT?

Marcella Barbosa, 2019 Eric and Carol Meyers Fellowship Recipient

Archaeologists have always been fascinated by the cult and made it the subject of study throughout their examination of human history. This examination is usually manifested through the study of things like temples, shrines, icons, and other enigmatic objects. The same is true for the Late Bronze Age in Canaan, especially when it comes to temples. Much work has been done on the subject; one only need to look at the information on individual sites, where excavators are always sure to highlight the temple, if there is one, or at other comprehensive works like Amihai Mazar鈥檚 chapter in听The Architecture of Ancient Israel.


Me excavating by a Late Bronze wall in Area B3.

So far, when it comes to cultic architecture of the Late Bronze Age, most of the emphasis has been put on temples and shrines, which are, no doubt, fascinating. But the excavations in Area B1 at Tel Burna brought something different to the table.

Tel Burna is a site in the southern Shephelah that was occupied in the Bronze and Iron Ages. The site is dominated by the remains of an Iron Age Judahite fortress at the very top of the tel, but a shelf-like lower protrusion on the west side of the tel is what interests us when speaking about the Late Bronze Age. Here, on this lower shelf, is where the project opened Area B1 and discovered what the excavators interpret as a large open-air cultic enclosure, which was built on bedrock in many places. Its cultic nature is demonstrated by its assemblage of finds that include ceramic masks, seals, figurines, zoomorphic vessels, votive vessels, imports that included two large Cypriot pithoi, and several standing stones. Also, the analysis and distribution of bones and organic matter within the enclosure, along with the ceramic finds, seem to indicate that this was possibly a place for ritual feasting.


Area B3 at the end of the 2019 season.

The enclosure measured at least 25 meters by 25 meters, and obviously held a prominent place in Late Bronze Burna. The years of excavation uncovered much of this enclosure and its inner units, including the northern, western, and likely eastern outer walls. But much of the shelf that it sits on still remained unexcavated and the southern extent of the enclosure had yet to be found. For this reason, in the 2019 season, the project decided to open the new area B3 on this lower shelf just to the south of Area B1 with the goal of furthering our understanding of Late Bronze Age Burna and with the hopes of discovering the southern extent of the cultic enclosure. Due to my interest in Late Bronze Age Canaan and previous work at another Shephelah site, I was fortunate to supervise our new small area.

Due to the bedrock being so close to the surface, we can often see bits of possible architecture sticking out above the surface, and it was one of these areas that we chose to place the first square of Area B3, as it also intersected with where we thought the southern end of the LB cultic enclosure might be. We quickly came down on architecture, revealing two two-row walls, built with large stones, that were built into an integrated corner. The north-south wall also looks like it might have an extension built off the north end of the corner, though we cannot be certain of this without excavating the square to the north. Whatever the case might be, it was obvious that we had architecture with rooms the continued at least north, west, and south of this first square, and probably east as well. From this first square alone, we uncovered a large portion of a room/unit that produced an earthen floor and a good amount of restorable pottery. On the opposite side of this room/unit, to the south, was a small corner of another room/unit that also provided a relatively large amount of restorable pottery underneath tumbled stone.

As this room continued south into the baulk, and our shade cloth was already set up accordingly, we decided to open our second square to the south. We hoped that this would give us the rest of the room whose small corner we had excavated in the first square, as well as provide a clearer understanding overall for the complex, whether it be through continuation/alignment of walls and/or the finds uncovered within the units. We discovered that the south end of the north-south wall from the first square tapered off as it sat directly on a high point of bedrock. We also discovered two more walls, both single-row and built perpendicular to each other. This gave us the rest of the room whose corner we first discovered in the first square, though its boundaries to the south and southeast are somewhat ambiguous due to a high peak of bedrock. This room, though smaller than the other units uncovered in Area B3 so far even while being the only unit with its layout fully uncovered, provided a relatively large amount of restorable pottery, a few complete vessels, and a fragment of a plaque figurine. Its entrance lay to the west, and it appears there was quick access to the room to the north and another room to the south, though this intersection needs clarifying through excavation to the west.


Area B3 Foundation Deposit.

The room to the south, of which more than two by two meters was uncovered, was interesting in that no surface was found preserved and there was no obvious large amounts of restorable pottery, as there was in neighboring rooms. Yet, it did yield two lamp-and-bowl foundation deposits, which were collected carefully for possible organic material and possible residue analysis. The area to the south of the east-west wall revealed a layer of mudbrick collapse, where the shape of a few of the mudbricks were mostly preserved. Underneath this mudbrick layer, we uncovered the remains of at least two smashed storage jars in situ, with perhaps a third mixed in. Samples were taken from the storage jars for residue analysis and to search for remaining organic matter. These storage jars and mudbrick collapse lay on top of a hard-packed earthen surface, much like the one found in the first square. The nature of this particular unit is uncertain as we only have its northern wall, while the rest of it continued into the west, south, and east baulks. It might be part of a large room or an unroofed area or the outside of the complex; only further excavation will enlighten us.

What did strike the team is that while architecture was plentiful for the excavation of two squares, none of the walls seemed to absolutely line up with the cultic enclosure of Area B1 as we had expected, though we were only a few meters away from it. Also, the finds of Area B3 were not of the same ilk as those of Area B1, which helped identify that enclosure as cultic in nature. Thus, our preliminary interpretation is that the complex uncovered in Area B3 is not part of the cultic enclosure of Area B1, as we originally had thought it might be; rather, it appears that we reached and moved beyond the edge of the cultic enclosure to find a new, contemporary complex. Whether this new complex of Area B3 is residential or something else remains to be seen as we continue to excavate Area B3 and analyze the finds.

We got close in our rides to and from the tel!

Marcella Barbosa is a Ph.D. student of the Tandy Institute for Archaeology at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas. She has been pursuing archaeology all of her life and has excavated in Menorca, Cyprus, and Israel, with the majority of her time so far spent in nine seasons with the Tel Gezer Project. She spent five years as the Collections Manager for the Tandy Archaeological Museum and is currently working on her dissertation/Gezer publication research in Israel thanks to 听a scholarship from Ariel University.

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Libyan Update: Nalut Part 2

Nalut Workshop on Cultural Heritage Protection: Part 2

Talal Bariun and Will Raynolds

In partnership with our Libyan colleagues, and with support from the U.S. Department of State鈥檚 Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP), the Cultural Antiquities Task Force (CATF), and the U.S. Embassy Libya External Office (LEO), 17吃瓜is bringing a message of hope through Cultural Heritage Volunteer Weekends (鈥減op-up鈥� events) and through one-day heritage workshops. This article follows a previous one on the first couple of days of the .

From where we stood, layers of red and yellow sandstone rose thirty meters above our heads. This was the exposed bedrock of the Cabaw Formation, deposited during the Cretaceous period approximately 120-125 million years ago. Guided by Professor Mustafa Salem from the geology department of the University of Tripoli, we were able to discern alternating layers of marine sediments and terrestrial deposits of the Jebel Nafusa escarpment. This part of Libya, now 150 km distant from the coast, had once been at the bottom of the ocean.

An outcrop of the Cabaw Formation near Nalut

Professor Salem describes the deposition of the Cabaw Formation.

Our group had assembled from cities across western Libya to learn about the protection of cultural and natural resources, though few of us had ever heard such a vivid description of our land’s longer past. We struggled to grasp the vast timescale and radical changes that could be read in the surrounding cliff. According to Professor Salem, during periods when the land was above water, therapod dinosaurs thrived within a coastal forest.听 In 1994, in the area where we now stood, a quarry of dinosaur bones was discovered. As we scanned the base of the cliff seeking any freshly exposed fragment of bone, we found pieces of petrified wood weathering out of the bedrock. Based on their size, they apparently belonged to a giant tree with a trunk much larger than anything growing in this arid region today. It was the strongest physical evidence our group had discovered yet of the massive climatic changes that Professor Salem described.

A fragment of petrified wood discovered during the workshop

This fossilized tree trunk is one of many in Nalut’s fossilized forest.

The nearby Nalut Museum of Dinosaurs and Natural History hosts Libya鈥檚 most wide-ranging natural history collection. Ahmed al Asker, who serves as both director of the Museum as well as director of the Libyan Department of Antiquities for the Nafusa region, proudly showed us the finest fossils recovered from the quarry. With the support of a team from the University of Chicago and the Italian company Eni Gas, the museum was able to create its displays. Still, according to Mr. al Asker, many of the thousands of items in its collection would benefit from further documentation, registration and study.

Ahmed al Asker and Professor Salem guide the group through the Dinosaur Museum.

Ahmed al Asker shares the Museum photo archive.

In neighboring Egypt, the management of natural history is divided between several branches of government, with the Egyptian Geological Museum in Maadi under the management of the Egyptian Geological Society and Mining Authority and the UNESCO World Heritage site of Wadi al Hitan, the premier natural historical site in the country, managed by the Ministry of the Environment.

For Libya, the responsibility to identify, protect and manage the natural history of the country falls squarely on the shoulders of the Department of Antiquities. In fact, according to Libyan law, anything older than 100 years is subject to protection by the state, so the responsibilities of the Department grow larger and larger with every passing year. Given the expanding nature of this charge and the ongoing conflict, it is hardly surprising that there are few staff or resources available to protect the natural history of the country.

Professor Salem examines a specimen in the field.
Participants in the Nalut workshop return from the dinosaur quarry.

Professor Salem insisted that these collections have an importance beyond the realm of specialized scientists. Studying the longer history of Libya helps provide context for the period of human settlement. Over the past ten thousand years, regional climate change transformed the vast area south of Nalut from an environment of scattered lakes and savannah to the Saharan Desert of today. Libya鈥檚 rich cultural and natural heritage, including the UNESCO World Heritage site of the Tadrart Acacus and the cave site of Hawa Fteh, provides some of the world鈥檚 best living laboratories for investigating and learning from human response to previous periods of climate change.

Thousands of people continue to arrive in Libya as refugees from across the Sahara, driven in part by more arid conditions in their home countries. Many Libyans currently rely on fossil water aquifers that are being depleted. In this context, protecting Libya’s cultural and natural resources, conducting further research, and increasing the broader public understanding of long term climatic change has never been more relevant.

ONLINE RESOURCES

听ONLINE RESOURCES

Online Library | Educational Materials | Photo Collection | Virtual Archaeology Initiative听触 Membership Resources | 17吃瓜Archives

Over the past month, the 17吃瓜staff has been assembling online resources to aid our members and friends who have been asked to adapt to online teaching. We encourage you to share online resources, websites, teaching aids, guidelines, or advice that you feel could be useful to 17吃瓜members or the public. Please email Marta Ostovich (programs@asor.org) with any resource links you would like to share. We also welcome your suggestions and offers to volunteer in helping us set up these resources (webinars, tutorials, etc.). The following page is a work in progress and we are extremely grateful to all of you who have already contributed!

Archaeology in the Community-17吃瓜Ancient Nubia Curriculum

FEATURED RESOURCE

Over the last couple of years, 17吃瓜has partnered with Archaeology in the Community (AITC), a local D.C.-based organization specializing in archaeological education, to produce a series of educational videos and lesson plans on Ancient Nubia featuring black scholars who work in this area. The videos are designed for 6th grade teachers to use in fulfillment of Social Studies, Civics, and Geography requirements.

The videos feature interviews with Dr. Solange Ashby (Egyptology-Nubiology), Debora Heard (Archaeology), Jenail Marshall (Bioarchaeology), and Dr. Shayla Monroe (Zooarchaeology). They were produced by Sydney A. Pickens, Ali Bavugamenshi, and Dr. Alexandra Jones. Music was provided by 2 Nice Guys Music Production (Teddy Burgh and Teddy Thompson).

Ancient Nubia Curriculum: Lesson Plans and Activities
 More information on this project can be found here

17吃瓜ONLINE LIBRARY

ASOR鈥檚 Online Library is an exclusive resource for scholars, students, and enthusiasts who want a master portal into the world of the ancient Near East and wider Mediterranean. The Online Library brings together presentations, posters, and virtual museum tours from the 2020-25 Annual Meetings, and the entire archive of Friends of ASOR鈥檚 monthly webinar series.

The Online Library provides access to:

听500+ sessions and workshops
2300+ paper and poster presentations
Virtual poster gallery
Virtual exhibit hall
70+ FOA webinars
Annual Meeting attendees and registrants have access to the platform through June 30, 2026. If you did not attend the 2025 Annual Meeting and do not plan to attend the 2026 Annual Meeting, you can still purchase access to the Online Library in the .

EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

17吃瓜is pleased to provide numerous tools for educators
Syllabi with examples for converting to online instructions
Museum Loan Programs and Virtual Tours
Podcasts & Audio Resources
Assignment Ideas and Lesson Plans
Online teaching aids
Zoom Tips & Safety
Libraries

PHOTO COLLECTION

The 17吃瓜Photo Collection is designed as a resource for the 17吃瓜community to share images of the Middle East, North Africa, and the wider Mediterranean world. The photos in this Collection have been submitted by 17吃瓜members and celebrate the rich heritage of the regions in which the 17吃瓜community works. 17吃瓜is providing open access to these images for use in lectures and presentations.

BROWSE THE PHOTO COLLECTION BY:
Country | Period | Category

VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY INITIATIVE

17吃瓜is committed to creating teaching tools that will both benefit students/teachers and generate interest in archaeology. As part of this commitment, ASOR’s Membership & Outreach Committee is building the Virtual Archaeology Initiative and would like to request that you consider contributing to this initiative as part of your scholarship. One of the main purposes of the Virtual Archaeology Initiative is to allow people who cannot or would not participate in actual excavations to feel as if they still can. To this end, we are looking to create digital assets that illustrate or teach various steps involved in the archaeological process. As such, we are asking for volunteers to submit any of the following digital resources, which should be coordinated with your project director(s) to ensure their permission:

1) a short teaching video that explains a specific process or element of an excavation/survey, how that element fits within the overall objective of the project, and/or how it fulfills some responsibility that we as archaeologists have to study, preserve, document, and make accessible the materials we excavate;
2) a video field diary recording in which you discuss research questions for your given project/season along with progress reports throughout the season to show how those research questions are met and/or how they change;
3) a digital image with explanation of the pictured stratigraphy/object/etc. We are also open to other kinds of virtual assets, so if you have a great idea, please feel free to share it with us.

Please check out our current submissions on or .

We hope that you choose to join us in developing Virtual Archaeology at ASOR. Submissions and questions about this initiative can be directed to info@asor.org.

17吃瓜MEMBER RESOURCES

Explore the resources available to 17吃瓜Members, including:
17吃瓜CHI Tutorials
Early Career Member Resources
Women of 17吃瓜Map

17吃瓜ARCHIVES

The 17吃瓜Archives house materials documenting the long history of ASOR鈥檚 contributions to archaeology
American Palestine Exploration Society Photograph Collection
Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research Collection
A. The Henry Detweiler Papers
The Nelson Glueck Papers

Much of the content for these online resources came from H.Dixon, “What鈥檚 Already Out There? Online Resources for Teaching Ancient Near Eastern Studies and Cognate Fields,鈥� Creative Pedagogies for Teaching the Ancient Near East and Egypt session (M. Ameri and H. Dixon, chairs), 2019 17吃瓜Annual Meeting, San Diego.”

EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

ONLINE RESOURCES

Educational Materials

Over the past few months, the 17吃瓜staff has been assembling online resources to aid our members and friends who have been asked to adapt to online teaching. We encourage you to share online resources, websites, teaching aids, guidelines, or advice that you feel could be useful to 17吃瓜members or the public. Please email Marta Ostovich (programs@asor.org) with any resource links you would like to share. We also welcome your suggestions and offers to volunteer in helping us set up these resources (webinars, tutorials, etc.). The following page is a work in progress and we are extremely grateful to all of you who have already contributed!


K-5 Resources

Activities | Lesson Plans | Resources


6-12 Resources

Activities | Lesson Plans | Resources


Postsecondary Resources (in progress)

| |


Other Resources

 Images & 3D Models | Museum Resources | Podcasts & Audio Resources | Teaching Aides | Zoom Tips | Libraries


Stay tuned for more to come!

Much of the inspiration as well as the initial content for these online resources came from H.Dixon, “What鈥檚 Already Out There? Online Resources for Teaching Ancient Near Eastern Studies and Cognate Fields,鈥� Creative Pedagogies for Teaching the Ancient Near East and Egypt session (M. Ameri and H. Dixon, chairs), 2019 17吃瓜Annual Meeting, San Diego.”

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Most Popular 17吃瓜Summer Posts

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WELCOME TO THE 17吃瓜BLOG

The American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) is the preeminent society for individuals interested in the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean and the Biblical Lands. This blog is intended to facilitate ASOR鈥檚听mission听鈥渢o initiate, encourage and support research into, and public understanding of, the cultures and history of the Near East from the earliest times.鈥漑/vc_column_text][mk_divider thickness=”1″ margin_top=”10″][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]

Most Popular 17吃瓜Summer Posts

[Recap]

[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Summer is coming to an end, and students and teachers are getting back into the groove of the classroom. So, we thought we鈥檇 answer that age-old question, 鈥淲hat did you do this summer?鈥� with a look back at the five most popular blog posts on the 17吃瓜Blog.

We had a lot of really great authors contribute to our blog over the last few months. Now the 鈥渧otes鈥� are in鈥揾ere are the most clicked on and viewed articles on the 17吃瓜Blog from this summer 鈥/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]

[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”41332″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]For the past decades, absolute (calendrical) dates for the Middle Bronze Age of the southern and central Levant and its connections with Egypt were hotly debated among archaeologists, Egyptologists, and Biblical scholars. Some researchers, such as William Dever, argued for a high or traditional chronology, that connected the Middle Bronze I period with the 12th Dynasty, the Middle Bronze II with the 13th Dynasty, and the Middle Bronze III with the 15th (or Hyksos) Dynasty. According to this chronological framework, the Middle Bronze I/II transition would fall to c. 1775 BC.

The traditional (high) chronology has been challenged by Manfred Bietak who proposed significant lower calendrical dates for the Middle Bronze Age. Bietak directed the long-term excavations of the Austrian Archaeological Institute Cairo at Tell el-Dab鈥檃, ancient Avaris, the capital of Egypt鈥檚 Second Intermediate Period, when northern Egypt was ruled by the Hyksos Dynasty. His excavations revealed a substantial amount of artefacts of Near Eastern provenance and thus, Bietak used the Egyptian historical chronology and the archaeological stratigraphy of Tell el-Dab鈥檃 for dating the Middle Bronze Age phases of the southern Levant. According to his (low) chronology, the Middle Bronze I would last until the mid-13th Dynasty, the Middle Bronze II until the mid-15th (Hyksos) Dynasty, and the Middle Bronze III until the early New Kingdom. According to this chronological framework, the Middle Bronze I/II transition would fall to c. 1700 BC, some 75 years later than according to the high chronology.

In recent years, radiocarbon dating has increasingly been used to test the proposed chronologies of the ancient Near East. While scholars from the University of Oxford (Christopher Bronk Ramsey and colleagues) could show that absolute calendrical dates for the Egyptian historical chronology are approximately correct, new radiocarbon sequences from several sites in Egypt and the southern and central Levant now challenge the traditional as well as the low chronological framework.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”41334″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”custom_link”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]In their current article, Felix H枚flmayer and his colleagues present new radiocarbon dating evidence for the Middle Bronze Age site of Tell el-Burak (Lebanon), where a team from the University of T眉bingen and the American University of Beirut excavated a monumental mud-brick structure that can be dated to the late Middle Bronze I period. The archaeologists discovered a distinct type of pottery in the layers of the mud-brick building (so-called ridged-neck pithoi) that is also known from the excavations at Tell el-Dab鈥檃 and Ashkelon, and according to these excavations, suggested an absolute date in the second half of the 18th century BC.

However, radiocarbon dating of organic samples retrieved from the layers of the mud-brick building provide substantially higher calendrical dates and date the building to the 19th century BC, about 100 years earlier than what could have been expected according to the archaeological parallels at Tell el-Dab鈥檃. But the high dates for Tell el-Burak are not an exception, on the contrary, significantly higher radiocarbon dates have also been produced for the Middle Bronze Age site of Tel Ifshar (modern Israel) and Tell el-Dab鈥檃 itself. In fact, all of these sites produced coherent radiocarbon results that challenge the c. 1775 BC or c. 1700 BC date for the transition from Middle Bronze I to Middle Bronze II and suggest a significant higher chronology, where this transition would fall into the 19thcentury BC.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”41335″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”custom_link”][vc_column_text]The preliminary results presented in the study challenge the current picture of the Middle Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean and much more data is needed to corroborate the preliminary conclusions outlined in the article by Felix H枚flmayer and his colleagues. Future studies will assemble more evidence on this crucial period and once a secure and transparent chronological framework has been achieved, archaeologists, Egyptologists, and Biblical specialists will be able to revise the current narrative of Middle Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean interconnections.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”41337″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”custom_link” link=”https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5615/bullamerschoorie.375.0053?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents”][vc_column_text]All content provided on this blog is for informational purposes only. The American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on this blog or found by following any link on this blog. 17吃瓜will not be liable for any errors or omissions in this information. 17吃瓜will not be liable for any losses, injuries, or damages from the display or use of this information. The opinions expressed by Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of 17吃瓜or any employee thereof.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

2018 ANNUAL MEETING PHOTO GALLERY

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2018 ANNUAL MEETING PHOTO GALLERY

Take a moment to enjoy these photos of friends, colleagues, academic sessions, and social events at the Annual Meeting in Denver.

Please use the link below to view the remaining photos.

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Ad Hoc Committee on a Code of Conduct for the 17吃瓜Annual Meeting

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AD HOC COMMITTEE ON A CODE OF CONDUCT FOR THE 17吃瓜ANNUAL MEETING

The Ad hoc Committee on a Code of Conduct for the 17吃瓜Annual Meeting is charged with coming up with a code that will address multiple issues concerning the safety and well-being of participants at the 17吃瓜Annual Meeting including but not limited to (1) discrimination based on sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, age, and religion; (2) harassment, including (a) sexual harassment, (b) harassment that creates a hostile or intimidating environment, (c) harassment that demeans a person or group of persons and that the person responsible knew or reasonably ought to have known would cause the target to be humiliated, intimidated, or otherwise gratuitously harmed; and (d) harassment that functions implicitly or explicitly to limit others鈥� participation in the Annual Meeting’s program and associated activities; (3) assault, including sexual assault. The code should also include plans for emergency management of such incidents at the Annual Meeting.

More specifically, we hope an 17吃瓜Code of Conduct for the Annual Meeting can set forward a series of principles for respectful and professional behavior to which every participant at the 17吃瓜Annual Meeting should aspire, as well as a series of best practices that 17吃瓜should strive to enact.

  • Emily Miller Bonney, chair
  • Helen Dixon
  • Emily Hammer
  • Mara Horowitz
  • Ian Jones
  • Scott Moore
  • Tine Rassalle
  • Alison Thomason
  • Lynn Welton
  • Vanessa Workman

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Ad Hoc Committee on ASOR’s Name

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AD HOC COMMITTEE ON ASOR’S NAME

17吃瓜members have been discussing the possibility of changing the听organization鈥檚 name since at least 1982. Most recently, a workshop was offered at听the 2018 17吃瓜Annual Meeting in Denver on “What’s in a Name? Re-assessing the听Oriental in the American Schools of Oriental Research.” The workshop was very well听attended, and the presentations and discussion were both thoughtful and听provocative. As a result, the organizers created a summary of the workshop’s听conversations and forwarded them to various governing bodies within ASOR,听including the 17吃瓜Board of Trustees. That summary was delivered in Fall 2019.

After considering this summary, the 17吃瓜Board voted, at its November听2019 meeting, to continue the discussion by forming an ad hoc committee to study听ASOR’s name.

The Ad Hoc Committee on ASOR’s Name is charged with evaluating whether ASOR’s name is still听appropriate for the organization and, if not, to recommend to the Board of Trustees听a new name, or a modified name, or some selection of new or modified names that听17吃瓜might adopt instead.

The committee will (1) review听previous discussions about ASOR鈥檚 name; (2) review discussions other 鈥淥鈥澨齩rganizations have had about their names and the decisions they have made, for听example, the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago and the School of听Oriental and African Studies at the University of London; (3) review the experiences听of other learned societies that have changed their names or have decided not to,听including these learned societies’ discussions regarding the names of their听publications; and (4) actively solicit and carefully consider input from the ASOR听membership about ASOR’s current name and any possible name change.

  • Peyton Randy Helm, Chair
  • Lisa Ackerman
  • Emily Miller Bonney
  • Eric Cline
  • Emily Hammer
  • Kiersten Neumann
  • Eric Welch

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Facilities Committee

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听 SHARE

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FACILITIES COMMITTEE

The Facilities Committee formulates and makes recommendations to the Executive Committee and the Board regarding the repair and maintenance of 17吃瓜facilities and improvements and renovations to 17吃瓜facilities, including proposed improvement and renovation expenditures.

  • Richard Coffman, Chair
  • Michael Hasel
  • Alex MacAllister
  • Vacant
  • Sharon Herbert (ex officio)
  • Andrew G. Vaughn (ex officio, non-voting)

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